Group Working Skills Essay

As it’s saying Two Heads Are Better Then One, what if there were more than two, people prefer working with their friends, or others in a group to achieve their goals easier, but nowadays even studies require a group work, and sometimes the member of it will be chosen randomly, so they would probably face so many problems that would affect achieving their goals, those problems can be developed with some strategies and dynamic that I’m going to provide and analyse it with an example. In my Business foundation year I have been required to work in a group to do a Business Plan that represent 40% from the final grade, the group was chosen randomly, I faced some problems during the work that affected our group working, the main ones are related to Organisation or structure the group more specifically on NORMs, and COHESIVENESS. Payne,E. and Whittaker,L (2000) argued that GROUP DYNAMIC is the name given to the way that a group deals with factors that affect it from within itself; there is some aspects to a group that can be identified such as, Norms, Goals, Roles, Size, Cohesiveness, and Structure of it. The aim of this essay is to discuss an example of my previous group work, and analyse it according to group dynamic concepts. As I mentioned being in a group required to do Business Plan, the group goal was to present a new idea of a product in the UK, and explain how to set it up, and count the expenses and market it as we learned, however it was important to us because the work was 40% value from the final mark. In the group there were 6 members, so the group was required to do a final presentation of the business plan, and we also was required to meet twice a week. First we faced Two main problems, this work was require some creativity and different ideas, and some of the members were too quiet and they don’t like to share their ideas with other members on the group specially in marketing the product part, so we had some problem in Organisation and Structure, mostly in structure which Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:60) defend it as â€Å"some type of a group structure will arise spontaneously because most student feel more comfortable given a framework within which to work. † Also Payne,E. nd Whittaker,L (2000) argued that whether if the members of the group consciously aware of some certain problems of structures aspect happens to some members of group or not, but the other will be influenced from their patterns behaviour, and in all groups this kind of behaviour are mainly unwritten, and majority of patterns accept it without realising it, these behaviour called Norms. To avoid such a problem and develop the work, according to Pyne, Whittaker,(2000,p:62) argued that â€Å"Norms always develop in groups and will control or inhibit the behaviour of individual members in a particular set of circumstance. In solving this kind of problems Payne,L. and Whittker,L(2000) belive that there are ways in norms to develop the work and group may come with a particular develop norm to encourage everyone to work and perform high quality of work, and norms always there exist even if the group was not aware of it. In solving and avoid this particular problem happened, in group is good to have Coordinator For example, Coordinator will join members ideas and suggestion together and coordinate the activities. Other problem that we faced was, because half of the member were holding same nationality, the other members find it difficult to deal with them or even to get knowing them more, because they were always together and prefer to speak in their own language, so the group faced a problem with COHESIVENESS, as it argued is a good dynamic to develop a group, Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:65) â€Å"Cohesiveness is generally used to refer to the degree to which members desire to stay in the group and express agreement with the group goals†. But there was also some disadvantages of Cohesiveness that related to the problems that we faced, Payne, Whittaker(2000,p:66) argued that â€Å"Too much similarity of the behaviour of group members leading to increased cohesiveness, can actually be detrimental to performance†. So Developmental Stages of group provide stages that would help solving Cohesiveness disadvantage mentioned above, which is in stage one GETTING TO KNOE YOU, Payne, Whittaker,(2000P:67) argued â€Å"Group member will attempt to discover which behaviour are acceptable and unacceptable. This is a period of getting to know each other, deciding on goals to pursue, and getting organised. † To conclude, I believe that working in group require so many dynamic that helps the members in achieving the group goal easier, while doing so each member will face less problems in working. As it mentioned in the essay about two dynamic that will develop the group unity was setting up some norms that will help and encourage other member to produce high quality of work, and the first stage in developmental stages of groups, which was Getting To Know You stages that argued how to accept and unaccepted members behaviour and decide the goals to peruse. On other hand each group must be aware of problem facing to avoid such problems affecting in their goal achievement.

College Scholarship Essay

Being involved in my community wasn’t a priority in my schedule, I really had overlooked the importance of really being involved in my community and the beneficial aspects that it will have on me rather then I would have on my community. Community service lately has become a big consumption of my weekends, which have had multiple positive effects on me and only has it brought hope and happiness to people, but it also lead to spiritual and personal growth. It is an experience that cannot be bought with any amount of money. A volunteer benefits himself or herself because they get to see how their contribution has made a difference. This experience contributes to personal development especially in areas such as self-fulfillment, self-confidence, and self-esteem that often flourish in the midst of volunteering experiences. The contributions that I have made to my community, volunteering countless hours at the local two general hours during weekends and summers has really impacted me as a person. I now am more involved with my community then ever through a club that I have joined at school (California scholarship foundation) and have started the year off by volunteering with AID’s walk Los Angeles and many more to come over the year. I now don’t see volunteering as a sacrifice of my time rather an opportunity to become a better person through community outreach.

DID THE US OR SOVIET UNION CAUSE THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Essay

DID THE US OR SOVIET UNION CAUSE THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS - Essay Example Germination of political conflict between these two nations commenced since very aftermath the World War II. During the Second World War, United States and Soviet Union, mutually, played leading role in putting an end to the terror and devastation of the Third Reich. However, end of the War helped them to evolve as two superpowers, capable of dominating the entire global politics. While the United States emerged as a titan among Western nations, the Soviet Union became its Eastern answer1. The conflict of power became inevitable as both nations were trying to prove their respective supremacy and rather than providing priority to the development of international political situation, they took further interest in opposing each other’s policies.2 The conflict between United States and Soviet Union also commenced on a different ground that is their respective ideology towards socio-cultural and socio-economic aspects. While capitalism dominated the ways of American approach towards determining the nature of socio-political factors, socialist approach was adopted by the Soviet Union to earn support of nations in their favor. During the post World War II period, United States not only made aggressive attempts to receive control over political and economic affairs in the international context, consequently, with an intention to reduce power and support of the Soviet Union, it tried to point out the flaws in the socialism that Soviet Union was trying to assert. Soviet Union, on the other hand, also vehemently criticized American tendency of economic imperialism and attempted to assert that socialism is the only way to survive the grasp of American capitalist aggression.3 Result of such attacking and counter attacking became more evident as the entire domain of international politics was divided into two specific groups: â€Å"On one side were the

Functions of a public nature under a provision of the Human Rights Act Case Study

Functions of a public nature under a provision of the Human Rights Act of 1998 - Case Study Example Those courts or judicial bodies shall act accordingly when an individual applies for that relief or remedy. Thus, if one perceives that any government authority exercises its powers illegally, he (the aggrieved party) may file or apply to the Administrative Court for judicial review. This means that the petitioner or applicant will be asking the Administrative Court to quash or set aside the allegedly illegal act or order or decision of the challenged government authority.In one case law, the grounds for judicial review were summarized into illegality, irrationality or unreasonableness, and procedural impropriety.1 Illegality and irrationality are founded on substantive considerations as both relate to the principles and theories applied in asking for the review of the act, order or decision of the respondent government authority. Procedural impropriety, on the other hand, points to the serious flaws of the procedures followed by the government authority in doing the act or in issuin g the order or in rendering the decision.Ordinarily, judicial review does not entangle so much in difficulty for its application and interpretation in cases on the subject of human rights. Thus, if an administrative office under the education ministry issues a ruling, for instance, that a certain public high school will accept only straight male boys for education grants, that ruling will be subject to judicial review if the prospective gay students apply for the same on the possible contention of discrimination which will have repercussion on their human rights even under common law. With the passing of the Human Rights Act of 1998 and the interpretation of basic rights and freedoms coverage in conjunction with the European Convention on Human Rights, there may be debates on the issues. Before the said law, no written law in the United Kingdom enumerated basic human rights and fundamental freedoms. These key human concerns were embodied in the general common law. Then came the Convention where provisions on basic human rights and fundamental freedoms are clearly stipulated. In view of all these, arguments on the issue of reconciling the Human Rights Act and the Convention have abounded. For instance, in the case of Ghaidan v. Godin-Mendoza2, the Human Rights Act was put on the test. Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza was about gays who lived together as couples. Under the applicable law on rental succession, gays who treat each other as conjugal partners are not considered as husband and wife. Upon judicial review, Article 14 of the Convention was invoked and the court found that the claim against discrimination on the basis of sex or other gender orientation for that matter was tenable. The calisthenics all about the variances will lead to resolve the perception that the convention has become inferior to the Human Rights Act. It is at this point that the importance of judicial review in administrative law becomes apparent. The first part of Section 3 of the Human Rights Act says that primary and subordinate legislations must be construed such that local laws are compatible with the rights listed in the Convention. The statutory provision has its rationale. As a signatory to the treaty, the UK must abide by the rules of the Convention. Hence, UK statutes are interpreted in a way that there is agreement with the Convention. The final portion of Section 3 is the meat of the problem. It states that it does not affect the validity and continuing operation of the incompatible primary law. Does this affect the strength of the Convention' The answer is in the negative. Current primary and subo

The United States from the 1880s to the 1930s Essay

The United States from the 1880s to the 1930s - Essay Example These poor working conditions are eminent throughout the novel, indicating that the poor working conditions for the workers persisted during the period 1880s to 1930. The poor working conditions would see most industrial workers move from one industry or factory to the other, in search for more favorable working conditions. This can been seen from this novel, where Joe tells George that his family is moving to Cherry Alley, where life is more expensive, but it is worth, just for the sake of getting away from the cinder dump (Bell, 53). The working conditions of the industrial workers during this period were such dangerous, that losing life for the workers was a normalcy. Another social issue facing the industrial workers during this period is lack of adequate health facilities, despite the dangerous working conditions they were operating in, which leaves the workers either ill or injured (Foner, 26). While George is lucky to get some employment, he notices some deep boom on the floor of the industry, and feels the earth shake only to realize that an explosion had occurred which injured many of his co-workers. George and other co-workers go to find a doctor for the injured workers, which proves impossible and they have to put them in a train and take them to Pittsburgh, the only place they could find a hospital (Bell, 112). Social situation was also imbalanced during this period, with more men than women in the industrial towns, which triggered infidelity and marriage breakups (Bell, 91).

Personal Accomplishments Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Accomplishments - Scholarship Essay Example and with this talent, I have been able to achieve many awards both in the track and field events to extend of becoming the most valuable player in some games. The same hard work was even protracted in class work by achieving academic awards. This is the reason as to why I am applying for a scholarship. Your organization has a good reputation in offering talents to young people with opportunities for financial assistance to further their skills and areas of strength. This always enables people to uncover any untold dreams in any field they intend to join. I at this moment share the vision of your organization that entails working towards a more equitable and just world by eliminating any impunity. I have demonstrated this talent in my volunteer service as a tourist guide by introducing the beauty of Yilan County to tourists. I did the job without fear nor favor for a period of one month of between June 14th and July 14th. With your help, therefore, I will be able to hone my instincts that are natural and be able to inherent the skills I wish to gain. I believe I will become a better and the most persuasive person in my field of interest by acquiring the ethics needed there in. I at this moment appreciate the gratitude of the organization committee for allowing me tender my application as I look forward to their

Advantages of using solar cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advantages of using solar cells - Research Paper Example The environment has become a big issue around the whole world. During the last decade, it started to change quickly. The earth is becoming warmer and because of that, there are a lot of natural problems and disasters around the world.This is called global warming. People on earth caused this change in temperature. Further, people need energy in their daily lives. They need electricity, fire, hot water, heating and cooling. To produce energy that is enough for all of these activities, we need fossil fuels and coal. All the countries around the world use these two fuels to make electricity and to heat water or air. Many rich countries depend on countries in the Middle East to give them fossil fuels like oil and gas to be able to serve their people. Countries around the world have been using these forms of energy production almost for a hundred years now. The people on earth are increasing every day, and their needs of energy are also increasing. The price of making energy in the old wa ys is also becoming higher and higher. In the past, the effects of the use of fossil fuels and coal were not known. However, we now know what we are doing to our world and to our future generations. Therefore, we have to do something to change this. Many countries and governments have started to look for new technologies for energy production. These new energy technologies should be good for the environment. They should not make our problem worse and they should be cheap. One of the new energy technologies is solar energy.... For instance, nuclear plants, which are referred to as a clean source of energy by some people, produce waste that is very harmful to human beings and the environment. The United States actually faces a serious problem because there are no facilities to store and process nuclear waste. This will be a problem in future as more and more nuclear waste is stored in the nuclear plants themselves. Coal fired plants also produce ash waste that is very dangerous to the health of human and animals. Some of this waste was used in the past to produce building equipment, but these products were found to be harmful as well. Moreover, even hydro plants can make problems for the wildlife and put waste into rivers and lakes. On other hand, solar cells only use sunlight to produce power. There are basically no byproducts or waste from the solar plants. The only waste may be in the form of damaged solar cells. However, the damaged solar cells are usually reprocessed to produce new cells. For example, Doug Smock wrote â€Å"Solar Plane Takes Flight† in 2010 in Design News to show the first solar airplane. The author shows how the airplane was built using over ten thousand solar cells to power it and reduce waste from fossil fuel airplanes (Smock 45). This is an example of how solar cells can be used as an alternative clean energy source as compared to fossil fuels. In addition, pollution from the old energy sources has become an important issue of debate as many scientists have confirmed that our planet is warming very quickly. Solar cells give a good solution to the issue of pollution because they produce no emission into the air. â€Å"Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy resources that does not

Management skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management skills - Essay Example In his book, which is a scholarly source he emphasis that companies should emulate competitive intelligence, strategic planning and management action in order to have an effective early warning system. The book is relevant and practical especially to the enterprises managers who aim at excelling in the 21st century. Byars who is also an expert in the field of strategic management, has embarked on providing appropriate scholarly acceptable information that covers various techniques of formulating and implementing management principles. These include proper organizational structure and adoption of adequate measures in planning and controlling of companies resources. The journal is written by academicians to analyze the growth of the UK grocery retailers and their strategic objectives. This makes it to be a scholarly source. Clarke Ian and Bennison are senior lecturers in the department of Retailing and Marketing at the University of Manchester Metropolitan while Clifford is a senior lecturer based in Cardiff University of Wales in the department of City and Regional Planning. The authors give candid information to the students on the effects of changes in formats by the competitors in the UK food retail sector. Flavià ¡n, C., Haberberg, A and Polo Y. 2002. Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.125-138. The journal is popular in giving a clear analysis of the competition that exist in the UK groceries food retailers. The authors who are market researchers, highlights the market share of the UK major supermarkets that include Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons. The journal is an important source for this paper that seeks to undertake competition as well as PESTEL analysis This working paper is sensational in nature since it tries to seek the reaction of suppliers if customers are hesitant to try

Media Project Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Project - Movie Review Example Primal kinds of feeling are direct to commercial purposes. Therefore, it’s very hard to find a society without the contemporary discourse in presenting the truth or lies. From the second question, it’s true that Mayors signifies images as the basis of thinking. In a way, images displace the palpable physical reality. Miller brings out the concept called double think. This implies to how media images are approached by the people. He means that people on one hand knows what they see which falsity or propaganda is of images advertising and is not true. One sees through the image and thinks that it does not affect them particularly but yet with another part of their mind, they buy into it blindly. In the third question, the status of the ideal in the contemporary society is finding solutions on how to move from its current state through their way of thinking. In the ideal society, the culture has been consumed by the propaganda in the western society. Lots of repeated images with the illiterate society has slowly integrated into the day to day lives of people and become part of their culture. This has affected the level of culture of people through the onslaught embedded in images. In the fourth question, myth in the postmodern society has grown its roots that involves with advanced market economies in entering into a new era. Through the images in the advertising economies, postmodernism have dominated especially in the western culture. Postmodernism has been felt throughout the world by the influence of economic cultural and political in western countries. Through the primal feeling, images have created the reality hence facilitating postmodernism, and this hinders the societies’ intellectual thinking. In question five, the postmodern society is democratic as the consumer can choose over a variety of goods but no specific people representing the citizens choosing for the

Historical Book Analysis Assignment Essay Example for Free

Historical Book Analysis Assignment Essay History, it has often been said, is as much a story of individual people as it is of places, events and larger circumstances. This is especially true when considering pivotal figures from American history, for in the stories of pivotal historical figures, the saga of the growth of America can often be seen. Such is the case with first lady, political activist and women’s rights pioneer Abigail Adams and former American slave, orator and anti-slavery advocate Frederick Douglass. It is with these two prominent historic figures in mind that two historical books about them, Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave will be discussed. Upon conclusion of the research, not only will two historical icons be better understood, but also, two key works about these people will be as well. Main Character of Each Work As was mentioned in the Introduction to this paper, two historical books as well as the people who were the main characters of those books would be discussed. Understanding the books first requires an understanding of the backgrounds of each of these main characters respectively. Abigail Adams, for all of the achievements that her life would hold, was not the product of fine universities or finishing schools; rather, she was for the most part an educated woman, and someone who possessed a great deal of inner drive and instinct, which more than made up for the lack of formal education. The wife of John Adams, who was a founding father of the United States and would eventually become president of the nation, Abigail managed the family farm, took care of the children, and showed a great streak of independence while John, early in his political career, was compelled to travel internationally. Abigail shared her husband’s passion for American independence, with one glaring exception- she did not subscribe to the idea that all men were created equal. For Abigail, there certainly was room to tolerate slavery, but this is not to say that Abigail felt the same about gender issues. One could fairly classify Abigail as a feminist, which she continued to advocate when she accompanied her husband to the White House. Overall, while not perfect, Abigail Adams contributed a great deal to the cause of women’s rights and by some accounts, aided her husband significantly during his presidency (Withey). Like Abigail Adams, Frederick Douglass was not the most formally educated man, but through sheer determination and a high level of natural intelligence, in time became one of the most articulate men in America, slave or free (Douglass). Early evidence of Douglass’ yearning for freedom and equality in a nation which promised this but only delivered to select races can be seen in his escape from slavery and refuge in northern free territory as a young man. This escape not only allowed him to pursue his own destiny, but also allowed him to seek the same for every man, with the abolition of slavery as Douglass’ main ambition. In fact, it was Douglass’ personal experience as a slave which gave him the credibility and passion that he required in order to be able to see the abolition of slavery to completion. Historical Events that Involved the Main Characters of Each Work When comparing Adams and Douglass, it can fairly be said that each of them were similarly exposed to extraordinary circumstances that inspired them to action, while being impaired to a certain extent by limitations that society attempted to place on them. In both cases as well, each of these individuals used that adversity not as a roadblock to future progress, but as a catapult to bigger and better things. Abigail Adams entered the stage of American history at a time when the role of the president as well as first lady was far from well defined, as well as a time when women were largely regarded as subordinates to their husbands and not worthy of equal opportunities or education. In the midst of all of these circumstances, Adams devoted a great deal of her energies in assisting her husband-some say too much- in the duties of the presidency and set the protocol for first ladies to come. Also, Adams chose as her cause the equality of women in all areas of society, making her an early pioneer for women’s equality. Like Adams, Frederick Douglass came upon the American scene at a time when pivotal issues were still undecided; for all of the talk of liberty and justice for all, Douglass had to flee from an environment whereby he was owned, like property, by another human being, as were tens of thousands of other African-Americans. Also, Douglass fearlessly spoke out against the evils of slavery, and became an influential resource for none other than Abraham Lincoln, who would become known in history as The Great Emancipator.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stem Cell Research

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stem Cell Research Every year, curable diseases kill patients because of the lack of a clear path for research into the ways through which they could be cured. Stem cell research, although a form of research in its early steps of acceptance in an increasingly sensitive society, shows promise as being the form of scientific manipulation to provide the cure for disease. The current estimate is that stem cell research could solve the ailments of over 4.4 million patients in the USA alone. The sheer potential population size should be enough to convince any government as to the viability of stem cell research Scientists should be allowed and supported by law to carry out stem cell research. A stem cell is simply an undifferentiated cell. This means that it is a cell with no specific function in the body yet, which makes up the most useful of its characteristics because any stem cell has the potential to become any other type of cell. This happens in the early stages of growth and development. Later, the stem cells serve individual organs as in internal repair mechanisms with otherwise limitless differentiation throughout the organism s life. The other unique thing is that even as the stem cell divides, it has the genetic choice to stick as a stem cell or continue on to become a specific cell. They were first referred to as stem cells by Alexander maksmov, the Russian histologist in 1908 hematologic society congress in Berlin The difference between a stem cell and a differentiated cell is that they are unspecialized and have the capability to continually renew themselves by cell division. The second salient difference is that is the living organism is placed under contro lled experimental or physiologic conditions, stem cells can be induced to become either specific to tissue or organs. Actually, such differentiation is common in the gut and the bone marrow while in other organs such as the heart and the pancreases, they only divide under special conditions. Since the discovery of ways of deriving embryonic and non-embryonic stem cell types in animals and humans from mouse embryos in 1981, the development in tee type of cells used has been rather slow and based on the two. The method currently in use is a modified and more efficient one from the 1998 biological research milestone that launched the deriving and nurturing of stem cells. Most of the reasons for making this method were because the human embryonic stem cells specifically for the reproductive purposes as they were studied during in vitro fertilization. Another milestone was achieved in 2006 when researchers identified the specific conditions under which a specialized adult cell could be reprogrammed, in a genetic sense, to become a stem cell or appear to be one. This new cell is referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells, simply abbreviated as iPSCs. Stem Cell Mechanism and Uses The mechanism is very easy to understand, since the stem cell is placed in a cultured or living environment with specialized cells. These specialized cells could be muscle cells or skin cells which have a specific and known role in the body. They are obtained from any part of the body of a fetus, or from the bone marrow, brain and muscle of adults. They offer new potentials in the issue of cell-based therapies, otherwise referred to as reparative or regenerative medicine. Continued research advances knowledge on how healthy cells replace damaged one s in living organisms. This is vital in the potential cures for diabetes, heart disease and other forms of life threatening disease. IPSCs are already proving to be useful tolls for modeling of disuse and drug development, and scientists view them as potentially important in transplantation. This is because many of the ways currently in use are potentially cancer-causing or have the risk of other complications such as viral infections. Ne w research will aloe is vital for the development of identical matches to lower the risk of rejection and increase the number of viable organs Stem cell research is a potential ground for a lot of detailed research for the development of mankind. First, human embryonic stem cell research will potentially yield information into the complex processes that form the tissues and organs during human development. This will provide more information on why and how such genetic disorders as cancer and birth defects can be controlled. Secondly, the use of human stem cells in research on the effects of new drugs will lower the need for human test subjects. Human pluripotent cell lines are potentially very ideal for testing new medication in the safety of the laboratory. The complication here is that the conditions have to be completely identical if the intention is to compare several drugs. The hardest part of this process is controlling the extent and effect of cell differentiation. The potential for a more accurate process is there, but lack of enough knowledge in the real mechanisms of genetic switches and signals is hampering the process. Thirdly, the use of the stem cells in the new field of medicine called stem cell therapies is very arguably its greatest contribution to the advancement of mankind. The reason for this is that current forms of organ and tissue donation is inadequate in the supply link. This is very profound especially where the organ is single and vital. Stem cells, due to their regenerative nature, offer a potentially limitless source of transplant organs. Once directed into differentiation to become specific cell types, offering a possible cure for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, heart disease, burns, stroke, burns, Alzheimer s diseases, spinal cord injury and other complications. Other uses are the making of insulin to enhance the management of Type I diabetes. This could be used in transplantation therapies for diabetic persons sin ce the undifferentiated cells could be turned into insulin-prodding cells. The Stem cell controversy The use of embryonic stem cells has been the igniter of many controversies, ethical, legal and moral. The bone of contention is the real viability and need to use cells derived from embryos, and what effects such procedures have on their health and in vitro state. To mitigate this controversy and return to more objective research, the modern scientist has opted to use adult stem cells. This, however, has its own limitations since adult stem cells are found in fewer organs than are fetal tissue. Also, they do not have the complete genetic ability to generate into as much variant type of cells as would fetal stem cells in the same scenario. This is cause by the fact that they have a lower proliferative ability than embryonic stem cells. Simply put, the use of adult stem cells is hindered by the fact that they have a narrower avenue for their end product as compared to embryonic stem cells. The concern for the use of embryonic stem cell is whether it would potentially harm the fetus. This is because the body of the fetus needs the cells that are removed undifferentiated. Pro-life activists argue that it is inherently genetically killing or maiming the fetus, since the removal of undifferentiated stem cells is simply taking away the very cells that the body is made up of. Pro-stem cell researchers recognize the risk, but argue that it is not as bad as the pro-life activists would want to make it sound. The strong point is that the law should allow for written consent where rather than carry out termination of a pregnancy, the couple could make written consent to have the fetus donated for stem cell research. Alternatively, stem cell research has taken to growing the fetus ion the lab. The ova and sperm are obtained and combined in a laboratory; the embryo is nurtured and then implanted in the woman s womb. Since this is a normal procedure where the couple can not get a baby through normal means, the embryos left in the lab cannot be implanted too. They are therefore given the choice of freezing and storing them, or destroying them. Stem cell research offers a more useful alternative to this two since it gives the couple the choice to contribute to the medical research into cures for the human body. Pro-life activist argue that even at this embryonic stage, destroying the embryo is still a form of abortion. The fact of the matter is that the embryos are incapable of forming into a completely new organism or culture of embryonic stem cells that would, in theory, grow in the uterus. Given that most of this are moral inhibitions to stem cell research, the issue of whether t is right for the scientific world to sacrifice the lives of the embryos to aver countless others is worth it. The view that it is, in itself, a sacrifice of undeveloped life for the good of mankind by saving the life s of those with life threatening ailments. Legal Milestones The argument has become legal as in July 2001, President George W. Bush signed an executive order that limited total government funding for the existing stem cell research that use cells derived from already frozen stem cells, and completely ruled out any government funding for any new embryonic stem cell research. In 2007, President Bush had a change of mind and signed another executive order that increased funding for research into somatic stem cell differentiation. This modified form of stem cell research is where the mature of adult stem cells are derived and modified into the cell equivalent of an embryonic stem cell. This serves as the pacifier for stem cell research opponents although its scientific viability is in question. Scientism are still seeking to discover whether the somatic cells will have the same genetic condign as embryonic stem cell. As the war on the ethical basis and the legality rages on, somatic stem cell research could prove to be the clincher for the scient ific world to appease the ethical proponents without compromising the quality of the science. In 2009, President Obama signed an executive order that completely overturned the one Bush had signed in 2001, in effect restarting the government funding of embryonic stem cell research. The biggest recipient of this funding is the National Institute of Health which will get over ten billion dollars to run already existing programs and potentially, reignite the research into new embryonic stem cells. The Catholic Church, a prolific opponent of stem cell research, views this as a triumph of the political aspect over ethics and morality, but the gains that can be obtained from productive research are worth the risk. Conclusion Stem cell research offers a seemingly limitless source of cures for many of the diseases that are considered as life-threatening. The fact that it is carried out so meticulously suggests that one of the greatest issues hampering it are the lack of adequate government funding and ethical support. This coupled with a few technical and research oriented glitches mean that it is still not comprehensively documented. It is, however, impossible to ignore its potential uses and the effects on mankind. The fascination with rogation is as old as the human race, and stem cell research offers a way to turn the fantasy into a real scientific cure for disease. Cell therapy will be the future of curing disease since it offers more comprehensive ways for the therapist to detail and control the healing process of the patient. The issue of the life of the fetus can be solved by allowing for stored embryos to be used in stem cell research. It has not ethical basis to argue that it is a form of abortio n, since this embryos would still have been lost in the fertilization process. This is built on the fact that the meticulous process of fertilization dictates that only one embryo can be formed from an ova and a sperm. Many excesses are discarded by the body, and it is this portion that the scientific world seeks to use for the betterment of the human race. It is an unstoppable train, but there is need for consensus building to provide a supportive approach to save the lives of many people.

Cuban Situation :: Cuba Politics Economy Economics Essays

Cuban Situation Cuba needs cows. In January of 2004, a Cuban delegation visited Florida to inspect beef and dairy cows to repair Cuba’s languishing cattle industry. Moreover, under the auspices of the U.S. Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act in 2000, the United States exported $350 million dollars worth of American agriculture products to its island neighbor in 2000 (Bussey 1). This budding trade relationship is symptomatic of a broader move by Cuba to fully re-insert itself in the global economy. Deprived of the protective cocoon of Soviet trade agreements and faced with economic crisis and stagnation, Cuba’s leaders have responded with limited economic reforms. It is clear, however, that Cuba will not emulate the rapid liberalization of much of Eastern Europe and Latin America. A brief review of Cuba’s economic performance since the fall of the Soviet Union reveals a trend of liberalization bred of necessity. Nevertheless, the mixed performance of the Export-Pro cessing Zones and the government’s grudging acceptance of tourism reveal a tension between Cuba’s need for foreign currency and direct foreign investment and a desire to insulate and preserve Cuba’s existing domestic apparatus. This tension underlies Cuba’s ongoing economic transition and has prevented wholesale market liberalization. Cuba’s future movement towards market reforms will be carefully managed by the Castro government to protect Cuba’s revolutionary legacy and to maintain control of political opposition. The fall of the Soviet Union devastated the Cuban economy. Cuba’s GDP contracted by 35-50% from 1989-1993 (LeoGrande quest 5). As a percentage of total Cuban trade, the Soviet Union’s share fell from 66% in 1990 to 15% in 1994 (5). Moreover, Russia reneged on its oil agreement, and fitful exports caused energy shortages in Cuba. Production and consumption plummeted. From 1986-1991, Castro undertook a rectification campaign to stabilize the economy as the Soviet Union decreased its support and eventually collapsed. The plan â€Å"focused on re-centralizing economic planning authority, dismantling the [Soviet-sponsored socialist management system] and market mechanisms, abolishing the free farmers markets launched in 1980, and combating corruption† (4). In addition, Castro tried to address the massive trade imbalance by reducing imports and reinvigorating the export sector. This program was a resounding failure. More domestic and far-reaching reforms were necessary to save the economy from crisis. Economic disaster had erected a serious challenge to Cuba’s socialist program. In 1991, Castro’s announcement of a â€Å"Special Period in a Time of Peace† marked the beginning of Cuba’s new era of liberalization.

Explore Shelley’s presentation of the impact of the Creature in the lig

Explore Shelley’s presentation of the impact of the Creature in the light of this comment. The Creature is described as ‘ a fiend of unparalleled barbarity’, yet many modern readers may sympathise with him. Explore Shelley’s presentation of the impact of the Creature in the light of this comment. It is my view, that the Creature may be seen from two main perspectives, on the one hand he may be seen as a â€Å"Monster†, â€Å"a fiend of unparalleled barbarity† and on the other he may be seen as a victim with whom the reader may sympathise. Out of the three narratives in the book, the one which occupies that major part of the book I that of Victor Frankenstein. It is from his perspective that we are imparted most of the evidence which may lead us to consider the Creature as a ‘Fiend of unparalleled barbarity.’ Throughout Frankenstein’s framed narrative, he refer to the Creature as â€Å"daemon†, â€Å"devil† or â€Å"wretch and perhaps (one may consider) with good reason considering the creature’s actions after his creation. Firstly, the Creature murdered Victor’s youngest brother William, an innocent child. However, the Creature’s true intentions when committing the murder remain unclear, as the Creature says, â€Å"I grasped throat to silence him, and in a moment he lay dead at my feet.† This statement, by the Creature, is of course ambiguous, as the Creature could have literally been trying to silence William, whilst on the other hand there is the more sinister aspect, that the Creature could have grasped William’s throat with a mind to silence him permanently. If we take Shelley’s view of her 1831 audience as â€Å"monsters thirsting for each others blood† then we would of course condemn the Creature, as someone who committe... ...cism against Islam, and particularly the Turks as something which was socially acceptable, this prohibiting from any form of empathy with the Creature. In conclusion, despite the Creature’s clearly appalling actions throughout the novel, I assert that these perhaps may be a result of the environment into which the Creature is created, just like a child born into an unstable and abusive household may often grow into an unstable and abusive person the Creature â€Å"born† into an abhorrent, un-accepting, unforgiving and violent world becomes abhorrent and violent himself, acting only the way others have acted towards him, with the utmost hate and unjustifiable violence, and it is because (I believe) the Creature is only a result of the environment into which he is created, a product of nurture as opposed to nature, that many modern readers sympathise with him.

Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Pot -- essays resear

Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Thought, Freedom of Pot!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a war going on; it keeps thousands in pain every night, a war that if were to end, could save thousands of people’s lives. This is the war on marijuana. You could say that marijuana has a bad reputation in the eyes of many people, but in reality it is a drug which has the ability of saving lives and curing diseases in which have plagued us for too long. People need to be informed on the good that marijuana can bring not just to this country, but to the whole world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana (cannabis sativa) is often referred to as pot, tea, grass, weed, hashish, maryjane, ganja, skunk, and there are many, many more depending on how it is used and/or where it is from. It can be sniffed, chewed, smoked, or added to foods or beverages, but most often is smoked by recreational users. Marijuana contains around sixty compounds called cannabanoids. The most psychoactive being delta-9-tetrahydracannabinol (Dudley 18). When marijuana is used, several things can happen to the user both physically and or mentally. Physical effects include: red eyes, dry mouth or throat, increase in heartbeat, tightness of chest (if smoked), drowsiness, unsteadiness, and muscular in-coordination. THC molecules can also distort part of the brains’ information-processing system, altering perception of time, while amplifying sounds and usual images (Dudley 18). This may not seem like something people would want legalized, but there are far more ways to use marijua na for good than for bad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several interesting reasons why people fight for the legalization of marijuana, some people argue that if it was smoked as early as 2700 B.C. in China and India (Quick Facts 1) that it should be legal in all places. Or that since many of America’s greatest leaders and Founding Fathers (including George Washington) were hemp farmers (Quick Facts 1) that it would make the world a better place. Both of these general types of arguments have some reason in them, but the most valid arguments are probably to be about violence or medical reasons. After some thinking, the conclusion that any sick person who wants to use marijuana to help them self has to break the law (Dudley 39) can be made. This doesn’t seem fair at all, seeing as how people who are ill and whom mi... ...aws around them, and make everything in society for those people. The lowest incapable part of the species. And what about all the people that can handle all the good things in life without screwing everyone else over? Well they can suffer, they can be held back by our crap, because they’re not important. They can evolve at the same mind-numbing pace as the rest of us. So lets keep drugs illegal, cause some people can’t handle the responsibility. That’s the same principle they enforce in elementary school; one kid messes up and the rest suffer from his ignorance. In case you haven’t noticed, laws and regulations can’t hold back human curiosity. You can’t simply just stamp out those human urges with a law or two. You won’t succeed in preventing humans from being human.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Cited â€Å"Cancer Statistics.† American Cancer Society. Online. Internet. 01 February 2001. Dudley, William, et al., eds. Marijuana. California: Greenhaven Press, 1999. â€Å"Marijuana† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica: Macropà ¦dia. 1999 ed. â€Å"Quick Facts About Pot.† Freepot.com. Online. Internet. 28 Jan 2001. Todd Austin Brenner, â€Å"The Legalization of Drugs: Why Prolong the Inevitable?† Vol. 18, 1989.

Bin-IT User Guide

Introduction: The software on this CD provides a system to make wage slips and employee information leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor made for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software but this user guide will provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting help and a glossary. Instructions: Basic instructions to run the software: 1. Specify which folders you want to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the â€Å"Run† button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer. 2. Once you have saved the files to your computer locate your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns you'll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You can also change the wages or job position if people are given promotions or something similar. 3. You will notice that when you enter a value out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error message will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is validation – this stops you from making typing errors when entering in data. 4. You can change the validation rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to Data > Validation and then changing the parameters accordingly. 5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted – we can move onto the mail merge functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other therefore you don't need to actually link the spreadsheet with the other documents. 6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools > letters and mailing > Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge wizard. 7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document. You can edit the recipient list and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to. 8. Click Next twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and there you can preview all your print outs for the pay slips. 9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or just leave it on All and click OK. Before printing – if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees' wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a specific thing for a specific wage slip. 10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft Publisher Troubleshooting * As stated in the instructions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees. * On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being properly linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click ‘Select a different list'. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1. Glossary Mail merge – Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings Data validation – In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, often called â€Å"validation rules† or â€Å"check routines†, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. Validation Rule – A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program. Evaluation of User Guide I have tested my user guide by providing my system to others with no other instructions apart from the ones on the user guide. I asked whether there was anything missing or anything else that may help. One common criticism I got is that I didn't have any kind of contact information in case the User Guide did not provide enough information. I also got advice to specify a little more in the contents of what is actually on each page. I have taken on these criticisms and have created a re-evaluated User Guide, starting on the next page: Bin-IT System User Guide Contents: (Page) 1. Introduction – What is this software? 2. Instructions – Spreadsheet settings and functions 3. Instructions (continued) – Mail merge (Making the wage slip) 4. Troubleshooting & Glossary of Technical Terms 5. Contact Details – Phone, Fax & Email Introduction: The software on this CD provides a system to make wage slips and employee information leaflets for your employees at the Bin-IT workplace. This is a bespoke software which is tailor made for your use. There are on screen instructions for installing your software but this user guide will provide more information with in-detail instructions, troubleshooting help and a glossary. Instructions: Basic instructions to run the software: 1. Specify which folders you want to save the spreadsheet, wage slip and leaflet. Click the â€Å"Run† button which will automatically save the spreadsheet and both documents to your computer. 2. Once you have saved the files to your computer locate your spreadsheet. This will be the spreadsheet you use to calculate the wages of various employees in your Bin-IT company. The columns you'll want to change regularly are from G to M where the actual hours. You can also change the wages or job position if people are given promotions or something similar. 3. You will notice that when you enter a value out of the range in the hours worked (outside of the parameters 0 to 12) then an error message will appear telling you that you have entered an incorrect value. This is validation – this stops you from making typing errors when entering in data. 4. You can change the validation rules by selecting the values you wish to change by selecting the field you wish to change, going to Data > Validation and then changing the parameters accordingly. 5. Now the spreadsheet functions are sorted – we can move onto the mail merge functions. Mail merge allows you to automatically take the data from the spreadsheet and use it to make a wage slip and/or employee information leaflet. This software comes with the files already linked to each other therefore you don't need to actually link the spreadsheet with the other documents. 6. Open up the Pay Slip word document. Go to tools > letters and mailing > Mail Merge. This will open up the mail merge wizard. 7. What will be shown to you is a mail merge wizard showing you which spreadsheet is selected to be merged with the word document. You can edit the recipient list and change who you wish the Mail Merge to apply to. 8. Click Next twice to skip to Step 5 of 6 and there you can preview all your print outs for the pay slips. 9. Click Next again and you are on Step 6 of 6, print. Click print and choose which ones you which to print, or just leave it on All and click OK. Before printing – if there was anything you wanted to change on a one-time-basis with any of the employees' wage slips then you can click edit individual letters and change a specific thing for a specific wage slip. 10. When doing Mail Merge for the leaflets just do exactly the same thing but on Microsoft Publisher Troubleshooting * As stated in the instructions, you may receive an error message when trying to enter in data in some cells on the spreadsheet. This is because a validation rule has been set on the specific cell(s). Step 4 explains how to change the validation rules if they do not meet the criteria of some of your employees. * On Step 7, you may have a problem with the Microsoft Word document not being properly linked to the spreadsheet with your data in. In the event that this occurs, click ‘Select a different list'. From this use Explorer to find the spreadsheet file in the location you saved it, select it and then choose Sheet 1. Glossary Mail merge – Mail merge is a software function describing the production of multiple (and potentially large numbers of) documents from a single template form and a structured data source. This helps to create personalized letters and pre-addressed envelopes or mailing labels for mass mailings Data validation – In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data. It uses routines, often called â€Å"validation rules† or â€Å"check routines†, that check for correctness, meaningfulness, and security of data that are input to the system. Validation Rule – A Validation rule is a criterion used in the process of data validation, carried out after the data has been encoded onto an input medium and involves a data vet or validation program.

Managerial Analysis: BYP6-2 Essay

Breakeven Point – Fixed Expenses / Contribution Margin Ratio Current Approach: 200,000 / .4 = $500,000 Automated Approach:600,000 / .8 = $750,000 The current approach without investing in the new robotic painting booth has a higher margin of safety (Total Sales- Breakeven sales = Margin of safety. Current: $2,000,000 – $500,000 = $1,500,000 Automated: $2,0000,000 – $750,000 = $1,250,000 Using the current approach, they cannot increase capacity and would have to turn sales away. As long as they are beyond the break-even of 500,000 for the automated approach, they can improve their sales and possibly their contribution margin and gross margin with purchasing the robot painting booth. On the down side, they would have to possibly lay off 25 of their skilled painters, which is not good for the community where the business is located. (c) Using the current level of sales, compute the margin of safety ratio under each approach and interpret your findings. Current ApproachAutomated Approach Actual Sales$2,000,000$2,000,000 Break-Even Sales$500,000$750,000 Actual Sales$2,000,000$2,000,000 Margin of Safety Ratio0.750.625 (Actual Sales- Break-Even Sales)/Actual Sales= Margin of Safety Ratio The purpose of margin of safety ratio is to evaluate the relative impact if the changes in sales would have on each approach. The difference in the ratio represents the difference in risks between Current and Automated Approach. To find the ratio, we use actual sales minus the break-even sales; the result is the margin safety ratio. Generally speaking, this ratio is the lower the better because it indicates the risk of operating loss; in this case, the Automated Approach is more favorable to the company. (d) Determine the degree of operating leverage for each approach at current sales levels. How much would the company’s net income decline under each approach with a 10% decline in sales? Current ApproachAutomated Approach Contribution Margin$800,000$1,600,000 Net Income$600,000$1,000,000 Degree of Operating Leverage1.331.60 Contribution Margin/ Net Income= Degree of Operating Leverage We find the degree by using contribution margin / Net Income of each approach; the results are the degree of operating leverage. This approach is important to the decision makers because the analysis indicates the earnings volatility; in general, higher operating leverage indicates a higher earnings volatility risk. The degree of operating leverage is an important tool aiming the company to know the behaviors of its competitors; as well as the comparison of two approaches if the management considering to adopt a new approach to replace the existing one. Assume the net income of each approach decline with a 10% decline in sales, the net income under Current Approach will reduce by 13.3% (1.33*10%), and the net income under the automated approach will decrease by 16% (1.60*10%). The conclusion is Automated Approach exposes to a higher earnings volatility risk because it has a higher  operating leverage. (e) At what level of sales would the company’s net income be the same under either approach? The level of sales that the company’s net income would be the same under either approach is $1,000,000. .6x + 200,000 = .2x + 600,000 .8x = 800,000 x = $1,000,000 (f) Discuss the issues that the company must consider in making this decision. Many items need to be considered before the company makes a decision. The automated approach has a lower margin of safety should sales decline meaning the company would lose money quicker than if it remain under the original approach. The operating leverage is also higher under the automated approach. All of the calculations indicate a greater risk to the company under the automated approach, but as often happens this is the approach that also offers the greatest potential for profits if sales continue to grow. These risks need to be weighed carefully to protect the company’s income.

School Prayer

Amy Hua English 1A TTh 1:45-3:10 Professor Marvin School Prayer Annie Laurie Gaylor argues against school prayer in her article â€Å"The Case against School Prayer† (Elements of Arguments, 679). When religion is included in daily school routines, it divides students into different beliefs. Public schools are meant to be open for all people to get an education, but not to influence them into a new religion. Requiring students to practice prayer in public schools is a violation of Freedom of Religion.Public schools should not practice prayer because there is a diversity of religions in the United States and the Constitution of the First Amendment. Students in public schools get distracted from judgment of religion, but that is why there are places where schools may freely practice religion, such as private schools. Due to the diversity of religions, along with dissimilar practices, schools should continue their public structure leaving religion entirely out. Public schools educ ate the belief of God, which might (for example) be the religion of Catholicism.High schools, Middle schools, and maybe even Elementary schools that practice a certain religion might offend or hurt other religions. â€Å"When religion has invaded our public school system, it has singled out the lone Jewish student, the class Unitarian or agnostic, the children in the minority† (Gaylor 679-680). The United States has a vast variety of religions that include Buddhist, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Islam, etc. There are also those Atheists who do not believe in any God. Each belief practices different events that may contrast.For instance, Christians rejoice to the Lord on Christmas day as a result of the birth of Jesus Christ, whereas, Buddhists pay their respects to the dead. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. (First Amendment, Bill of Rights, U. S. Constitution)† The First Amendment is th e Freedom of Religion, press, and expression. Praying at schools not only excludes the students who do not believe in God, but also disrespects them by not allowing freedom of other religions.Forced into prayer does not verbally influence the student to believe in God, but it still implies that you cannot or should not practice a different religion. Most of the rules in public schools are useful: do not use profanity, attend school, and do your best at anything you set your mind to. No matter what the religion, these rules are useful to everyone and are universal to all countries because each one agrees with them. Teaching students about religion would be equivalent to converting them towards the American Republican Party or Democratic-Republican Party.For schools today, it is dishonest for teachers to promote subject during class period. Instructors cannot force what is not universal because of the different beliefs each religion practices. There will be disagreements among singula r religions because there is not only one type of prayer system. There is a place for religion in schools. Private schools were made to eliminate the government from its system, so they are independent. Although students in public schools should be allowed to have personal prayers, there are also private schools and universities that focus on certain viewpoints on religion.If required, some private schools are given permission to freely practice their own religion. For example, Messiah College and John Brown University concentrate on Bible studies as much as other electives. It is more of an option to attend private schools, like Messiah College, so the student should know what he or she is signing up for. However, public schools are for all students to learn gender education. Therefore, no assumption of religion should be taught as a part of general education.As a child, I was enrolled into private Christian school by my parents. My parents and I were aware of the education I was b eing taught by the teachers and the sharing of general education and Bible studies. In â€Å"The Case against School Prayer†, Gaylor says â€Å"People should be judged by their actions, not by what religion they believe in or how publicly or loudly they pray† (82). Not only do people get distracted from judgment, but also from their studies from far most important subjects.With religion being in the same studies as Math and Science, students are unable to concentrate in studies that will mainly shape their future. Prayer can be harmful in many ways, depending on how much the school interoperates it daily. When I attended a Christian school during Kindergarten through fifth grade, I was required to announce the Pledge of Allegiance. But when my parents decided to take me out of Christian school and enroll me into public school, the Pledge of Allegiance was still mandatory to say.My parents, who converted into Buddhism, were offended that I still had to intentionally wor ship God. Annie Gaylor and, not to mention, Jesus had the same opinion for not allowing public schools to teach religion. â€Å"†¦when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret† (Bible, Matt. 6:5-6). School prayers add conflict to education in many ways. As a result of the vast amount of religions in the United States, there are conflicts caused my disagreements of religion. Japan, where no one prays at school, had the lowest crime rate of any developed nation† (Gaylor, 683). Religion should only be taught in private schools or organizations. The First Amendment was made for Freedom of religion, press, and expression, meaning that everyone has a right to pray, but not for public schools to convert the students into believe a certain religion. I strongly agree on Gaylor’s viewpoints of school prayers because I was felt in the same situation in the past. Public schools should stay open to diffe rent religions.

Air traffic control Essay

Situation 1: Adapted from WAFBLA â€Å"Everyone Else Does It! † Ethics Project You have been struggling in your Engineering Models class. The content does not come easily, so you have put in countless hours to understand and do the assignments. There is another student who breezes through the assignments, getting high marks for the work he turns in. You know for a fact that he has used his college-aged cousin to do some of the assignments for him. You don’t know how many assignments were turned in this way, but you are certain that he, in fact, did not do all the work. Your frustration increases over the last assignment that you worked overtime on, but did poorly. Of course, this other student scored well on the same assignment. You drop the teacher an anonymous note about the implied cheating on the part of this other student. Questions: 1) What do you believe are the ethical issues related to this situation? Not being prepared to turn in the assignment. Trying to use someone elses work as your own. | 2) Write an argument supporting the actions taken. Be sure to tie your response to one of the ethical frameworks discussed. This is the rights approach as you are telling the teacher that another student is not turning in his actual work. This will make the challenge of the assignment fair for everyone. | 3) Write an argument against the actions taken. Be sure to tie your response to one of the ethical frameworks discussed. You should just let the other student do what he wants to and tell him that he won’t be able to get help when he does the exam. | 4) Were you in this situation, what would your response be? Why? I would also tell the teacher that he is cheating so that it would be fair for everyone who turns in their homework. | Situation 2: Occidental Engineering Author: Michael McFarland, S. J. Wayne Davidson is a software engineer in the aerospace division of Occidental Engineering, a large engineering firm. For the past two years he has been working as a test engineer for Operation Safe Skies, a project to build a prototype of the next generation air traffic control system. This project, which is funded by a contract from the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), is a very important one for Occidental. With all the cutbacks in defense spending, the aerospace division has been losing business. The Safe Skies project has provided much needed business, and could lead to a much larger contract if successful. Mindful of its strategic importance, the company had bid very aggressively for the original contract. In fact they had â€Å"low-balled† it, bidding less than it would take to do the work properly. They felt that was the only way they could beat out their competitors, who were just as hungry for the work. Because of their somewhat shaky financial position, the company was not willing to take a loss on the project, so the project has been underfunded and understaffed. Nevertheless those working on the project have made a heroic effort, working eighteen hour days seven days a week to meet the deadline, because they know how much it means to the company, not to mention their own jobs. They are now very close to success. A version of the prototype has been completed and turned over to Wayne for testing. He has run extensive simulations on it and found that it works as it should except for one little problem: when there are too many aircraft in the system, it will sometimes lose track of one or more of them. The â€Å"forgotten† aircraft will simply disappear from the screen, there will be no trace of it anywhere, and it will be ignored by all of the collision avoidance and other safety tests. Wayne has been working with the software designers to identify the cause of the problem, and they have traced it to a subtle error in memory allocation and reuse. They are confident that they can fix it, but it will take a month or more to do the redesign, coding and testing. Wayne meets with his boss, Deborah Shepherd, the project manager, to discuss the implications. She tells him that what he is asking for is impossible. The contract requires that the company deliver a fully certified, working version of the software in three days for system integration and test. The government has developed a new, get-tough policy on missed deadlines and cost overruns, and Occidental is afraid that if they miss this deadline, the government will make an example of them. They would be subject to fines and the loss of the remainder of the prototype contract; and they might not be allowed to bid on the contract for the full system. This would have a devastating effect on the aerospace division, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. They consider whether they can do a quick patch to the software before turning it over, but Wayne adamantly refuses to release any code that has not been tested thoroughly. There is always a chance that the patch would interact with some other part of the program to create a new bug. â€Å"Then we’ll have to deliver the software as is,† Deborah says. â€Å"I can’t jeopardize this project or the jobs of my people by missing that deadline. † â€Å"We can’t do that! † exclaims Wayne. â€Å"That’s like delivering a car with defective brakes. † â€Å"Don’t worry,† Deborah reassures him. â€Å"We have contacts in the FAA, so we know their testing plans. They will do a lot of simulations to make sure the software works with the hardware and has all the functionality in the specs. Then they will do live tests, but only at a small airport, with a backup system active at all times. There is no way they will overload the system in any of this. After that they will have some change requests. Even if they don’t, we can give them an updated version of the program. We can slip the bug fix in there. They will never see the problem. Even if they do, we can claim it was a random occurrence that would not necessarily show up in our tests. The important thing is no one is in any danger. † â€Å"Maybe they won’t find the bug, but I know it’s there. I would be lying if I said the system passed all the necessary tests. I can’t do that. Anyway, it would be illegal and unprofessional. † â€Å"You can certify that it is safe, because it is, the way they are going to use it. † And so he does. In the end Wayne signs off on the software. It is delivered to the FAA and makes it through all the preliminary tests, including live tests at a small airport in the Midwest. As a result of these tests, the FAA requests some changes in the user interface, and when Occidental delivers the new software it includes a robust solution to the problem of the disappearing aircraft. No one outside of Deborah’s group ever learns of the problem. In fact Occidental’s success with the prototype leads to major contracts for air traffic control software, giving much-needed business to the aerospace division. This saves hundreds of jobs, and allows the company to add hundreds more. Wayne Davidson, however, takes early retirement once the prototype project is finished, in order to write a book on software testing. He feels that the book should have a chapter on ethics, but he can never bring himself to write it. Questions: 1) What do you believe are the ethical issues related to this situation? Lying about a completed project when it isn’t. | 2) Write an argument supporting the actions taken. Be sure to tie your response to one of the ethical frameworks discussed. There was no productive way to get all of the project done, so they had to give what they had. | 3) Write an argument against the actions taken. Be sure to tie your response to one of the ethical frameworks discussed. It wasn’t a good choice because they didn’t tell the company that the project wasn’t finished and handed them an incomplete project. | 4) Were you in this situation, what would your response be? Why? I would ask for more people to help so we could get the project done on the day its due and assign each person a different part to do. |

Intellectual Property Law, Scenario based question Essay

Intellectual Property Law, Scenario based question - Essay Example Marina and Ms. Leona developed a concept while at college and used it upon graduation to develop related products and market them through the companies they had established. Their products, known as the ‘Bus Weasel’ and the ‘Tube Ferrett’, operate by sourcing data from GPS locators on public vehicles and video images from CCTVs in the London underground to estimate the amount of congestion at various traffic points and compute alternative, less congested routes that the users of these products may take to overcome potential delays. The two products described above have faced intense criticism through the publication of a book titled ‘Rush Hour Weasel’ that has not only criticized their concept, but has also projected them as threats to public security. Further, another company is marketing a similar product known as the ‘Metro Rat’ in the cities of New York and Paris and hopes to expand into other locations. Under these circumstances, Maria and Leona (henceforth referred to as the Clients), who maintain registered trademarks for all their products, logos, brand names and slogans, face the potential threat to their business from various corners. The subsequent chapters will highlight some of the avenues that the clients can adopt in order to mitigate the risks faced by their companies and products s using the laws for intellectual property. There will also be an elaborate focus on utilizing these laws to identify areas for charging the publishers and the competitor on relevant grounds to make up for any damage caused. A copyright is an intellectual property that provides exclusive rights to the owner of an original piece of work for a specific period of time. A copyright covers several aspects concerning the intellectual property ranging from its use and distribution to its publication and adaptation1. Without a copyright, or after the expiry of the copyright, the work is

Human Resource Managers, Stress and Work Performance Research Paper

Human Resource Managers, Stress and Work Performance - Research Paper Example Most highlighted factors include job stress, work load, de-motivation and low satisfaction. Literature Review: Job stress is a term used to define the stress related to work that is the outcome of the struggle made by an employee in order to yield high efficiency and performance by accomplishing its tasks, assignments and targets within the due time. This occupational stress may affect the performance of an organization (Weiss, 1983). It has been noted that job stress is becoming a growing concern for majority of organizations and particularly, for the human resource management (Dewe, Driscroll, & Cooper, 2010). Over the years, numerous researches and studies have been conducted in order to understand the importance of stress management. It was concluded that with the advancement in technology and industrialization job stress is increasing rapidly. Job stress has not only effected the mental health and well being of the employees but it has also becoming a growing concern for the emp loyers to deal with the various problems occurred as an outcome of job stress (McGowan, 2006). The Effects of Stress in a Job: Different researches have indicated that numerous health-related issues can emerge due to stress. There could be different factors that would contribute in raising the job stress such as de-motivation and job dissatisfaction. According to Weiss (1983), job dissatisfaction can lead to job stress which can adversely affect the working capacity and the performance of an employee. As a result, this would make the entire organization suffer from low performance and growth. The Impact of Stress on Performance: A clear relationship has been observed between job performance and the job stress. It should be remembered that job performance involves the efforts and struggle of an employee to accomplish its tasks within a specific time. On an account, according to different researches that have been conducted it is concluded that there are four types of relationships be tween the job stress and the job performance. These relationships include negative linear relationship in which stress is responsible for lowering the productivity. In positive linear relationship the performance can be increased by increasing the stress. On the other hand, curvilinear relationship gives rise to mild stress which becomes responsible for elevating the productivity but as the employee faces the stress, the productivity restore to its previous state. However, in the fourth relationship, one factor decreases with the decrease in other factor (Smith and Sainfort, 1989). Factors that Result in Job Stress: There could be number of factors resulting in job stress such as: 1- External factors: External factors include the organizational and family-related conflicts. 2- Internal Factors: These include all the internal factors within an organization. Stress Management in a Work Place: Workplace stress is becoming a concern for all the organizations around the world. It is dire ctly affecting the mental health and the well being of all the human beings suffering from stress. It has been observed that ineffective dealing with stress management could affect adversely, however; managers can implement different techniques to encounter job stress.

Bioethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bioethics - Term Paper Example Critical thinking can help someone to evaluate himself or herself in the wake to self-realization. Every person is different from the other. There is a unique feature in every person that differentiate him or her from the rest in the society. This uniqueness is the one that can be used to define who a person is and how he or she can live and behave in order to achieve the desired goal in the future. Human beings today are largely shaped by the evolving technology. The technology have been growing every day, and people have appreciated it and used it to enhance their living. Enhancement entails the increase in the life of the people. Enhancement does not only lead to positive transformation of ethics. It has also led to the deterioration of the values considered good in the societal realm. Since the development of technology is global, it have led to the creation of a global village. It has become very easy for a person in one point of the world to communicate with another person in another point, many miles apart, at an affordable price (Cliteur). It therefore implies that people no longer need to travel from one country to another so that they can engage in a conversation. The only thing they need to have is a device for communication. Considering the advancement in technology, the sharing of information have been made easier and increased. Both the scientific innovations and culture can now be transferred from one place to the other, regardless of which continent the parties are. Culture has been prominently transferred from one community to the other. Given that culture is very detrimental in the observing of ethics, the change in culture then implies the change in ethics. People have a tendency of being a victim of influences. The technology have influenced a lot of people in many rounds. They have opted to imitate other people’s cultures. When put in an example, most of the African countries have adopted a lot of the Western culture. For example,

Im not sure about the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Im not sure about the topic - Essay Example Thirdly there is the guest account, which cannot implement any changes to the computer settings. â€Å"Network and Sharing Center† is the feature that allows a computer user to check his/her network status, change network settings and set preferences for sharing files and hardware such printers and scanners over a network. Here is where users can uniquely identify computers or other shared hardware that are within their local area network (LAN). Examples of this include use of names such as Michael-PC or HP 1320 LaserJet on Manager-PC and so on. This feature allows users to declare different levels of accessibility over their files and documents or even hardware. This way an organization can implement information abstraction within its corporate LAN. Finally, the â€Å"Folder Options† feature provides users with options on how to manipulate folders. Examples include what the user would like the default folder icon size to be and whether to display or hide certain types of files such as system files and encrypted files. This feature also allows one to select whether to open each folder on the same window or a different window upon clicking the folder icon. Further, â€Å"Folder Options† allows users to select how the search function for files will operate for example using file names only or file names with contents and so on. There are numerous other customizations on folders that could be put in place through the use of this

Compound helicopter Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Compound helicopter - Literature review Example The Nelson Speed Limit holds true for helicopters even today. 3 Although helicopters have achieved what is considered the â€Å"Holy Grails of powered flight,†4 because of their ability to fly vertically, their limited capacity in speed and maneuverability have led aircraft builders to explore ways to augment performance metrics. One of the solutions offered by research is the compounding of the basic design of conventional helicopters with additional components to help achieve better speed and efficiency. Background: Compound Helicopters A compound helicopter is a conventional helicopter that has undergone modification with the addition of several components for the purpose of augmenting and enhancing basic performance metrics such as lift-to-drag ratio, propulsive efficiency and maneuverability.5 The most overt additions in a compound helicopter are fixed wings.6 Compound helicopters are often called hybrids because they are a combination of conventional helicopters, which a re powered by rotors, and fixed wing aircrafts like planes, although some compound helicopters do not have wings. Compound helicopters have the important capability of conventional helicopters - VTOL (vertical take-off and landing).7 What additional features precisely make a helicopter compound has not been unanimously agreed however. John Watkinson, for example, described a compound helicopter as one in which the production of forward thrust in cruise is not up to the rotor but by some other device while Ray Prouty depicted them as having wings and a propulsion device, which could be a jet engine, ducted fan, or propellers for the purpose of alleviating the rotors from lifting or propelling tasks.8 Leishman simply defined it as one in which additional parts are appended for the purpose of enhancing and augmenting basic performance metrics.9 Figure 1 shows a diagram of a compound helicopter with a four-blade main rotor atop its body as is commonly found in conventional helicopters. However, fixed wings or flaperons can also be observed attached to its fuselage. Fixed wings function to off-load most, if not all, of the rotor’s duty to lift the helicopter at high speed. The presence of a ducted propeller at the rear can also be observed, which likewise serves the function of taking away from the main rotor the task of driving the helicopter forward. Some compound helicopters may or may not have either fixed wings or a propulsion mechanism other than the main rotor, but all additional appendages in a compound helicopter serve the purpose of driving it at speed not available to conventional helicopters.10 Fig 2 Diagram of a Compound Helicopter11 2.0 History of Compound Helicopters The first known compound helicopter was developed in Germany in the 1930s by Anton Flettner, but two other models were also developed in that part of the world. The Fl 184 had two airscrews, fitted with propellers at each end facing at opposite directions, and attached to either s ide of the helicopter fuselage. The airscrews functioned to counter the torque effect of the three-blade rotor and helped the aircraft propel forward. The Wn

Industrial Engineers role in Theme Parks compared to supply chain Essay

Industrial Engineers role in Theme Parks compared to supply chain managers role in Theme Parks - Essay Example Mechanical engineering is in few cases considered equivalent to industrial engineering, but in reality, the two domains of engineering are entirely different. Mechanical engineering is appropriate to tangible mechanically powered machineries, their working and related technicalities, whereas industrial engineering is pertinent to optimization of production systems and engineering solution to real problems in process flow. â€Å"Solutions† entail decision where one has to prefer one reasonably feasible solution over a different viable solution. A proper understanding, illustrating the application of industrial and mechanical engineering based on situation of a theme park, is demonstrated in this technical report. The concept behind the industry of the theme park was originated from an American invention, but now it has established its roots globally. The wonder initiated with the Cyclone roller coaster once installed at Coney Island in New York City. The most important cause pe ople trip and resume tripping to theme parks is the thrilling rides. Presently, there are more than thirteen thousand roller coasters in the US. The speediest and most elevated is Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey. The Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World has the highest visitors among all the theme parks in the world; this Magic World is located in Orlando, FL. One wonders as to how such mega theme parks are designed, developed, operated, maintained, improved, managed and sustained. The successful theme parks have huge employee resource allocated for each and every step. Among the employee resource industrial and mechanical engineers play a vital role in accomplishing the goals of theme park organizations and, thus, theme parks produce returns in the multiple billion dollars per annum. Hence, due to constant enforcement of brilliant resource, sales figures persist to grow with the passage of time. For attracting the visitors design innovations, frequent changes and developments are necessary, therefore, variety of engineering specialties are utilized in order to cope with the growing challenges. This paper enlightens the role of mechanical versus industrial engineers in the running of theme parks. The paper covers both aspects of engineering that are practical aspect as well as academic in order to illustrate the roles more explicitly. 2. Problem Statement The subject statement of ‘Industrial Engineers Role in Theme Parks Compared To Mechanical Engineers Role in Theme Parks’ is in a technical realm, where one has to figure out the academic grounds of the two domains of engineering and then analyzing the practical explanations, and finally linking it with the needs and challenges of a theme park. The countless hours of entertainment involve a tremendous amount of expertise in varying fields of industrial and mechanical engineering. At the same time as all the exertion of these engineers continues to happen behind the apparent pict ure, the ultimate objective is to make thrilling rides and involvements whilst ensuring the safety and confidence of every visitor and guest at the foremost point in the priority list. i. Job Diversity in Theme Park Theme park requires variety of job opportunities, as per engineering is concerned, theme parks require establishment of standard processes to maximize safety of operations, identification and analysis of

Rice Crisis in Nepal (Focusing on Degrading Nature) Research Paper

Rice Crisis in Nepal (Focusing on Degrading Nature) - Research Paper Example Historical and modern information relating to people’s living standards, food production as well as nutritional status clearly implies that the rice crisis in Nepal is increasing in effect in Karnali (Latham, 1998). For instance Karnali, where rice grows, has been experiencing underdevelopment hence the beginning of the rice crisis. The rice crisis in Karnali is associated with the hegemonic and imbalanced relationship between Kathmandu, the power center, over Karnali which is a minor region treated as a colony of Nepal. This has led to the feeling among the Karnali people that they are living under unfavorable conditions where rice is the best food. The reliance on bureaucracy in the development of the region as imposed by the ruling class is meant to favor their economic and political interest. However the ruling class share similar social group with the most Karnali people in as far as caste and ethnicity are concerned. Therefore class relations are deemed important in unde rstanding the rice crisis and generally the food crisis within the Nepal. The increased dependency on rice among the people living in the western impoverished part of Nepal has been due to the increased food scarcity as suggested by Blaikie and Brookfield (1987). Historically people in this area used to grow a range of grains. However, the situation changed due to declining land productivity, lack of improved farming skills as well as knowledge and varying dietary habits. The low productivity of these grains such as millet, barley, rice and buckwheat has led o people depending totally on the Nepal Food Corporation which is run by the state. However, this comes at a price that the local people are unable to afford. For instance exporting a quintal of rice to Humla might cost around 160 US dollars and it usually takes almost a year to transport about three hundred quintals to Humla according to Kshetry (n.d). The rice crisis has developed due to increasing cases of workers’ strikes and the degradation of nature as evident in the bad weather. However the situation is probably bound to worsen as the government lacks a plan and initiative to handle the rice crisis in remote areas which depends on the conditions of the roads since air supply is too expensive. Similarly even with enough supply of rice and other grains in those remote areas, the people would lack the money to purchase the grains. For instance the press has released reports of people in local areas selling their utensils to purchase rice from the Nepal Food Corporation depots. The Nepal government has generally been facing a food crisis every year between June and September, with people in the rural areas having poor or no access to rice ad other grains. The hasty depletion of forest resources because of unique population growth has led to a grave environmental degradation. Population growth has led to increasing demands for pastures and forestry hence degradation of natural land according to Uprety (n.d). In Nepal there appears to exist an association between forest clearing and the population growth. This is because people need land for cultivation, timber for house building, firewood and fodder. The increased demand of these forest resources have led d egrading nature which in return has led to poor land productivity hence food crisis. Nepal has been the only country with deteriorating environment in the mountains hence leading to soil

African American and American Society Essay Example for Free

African American and American Society Essay African Americans No matter where or when a person lives, skin color, beliefs, class, or history he/she will see a difference in the way every ethnic group is treated. This world has never been fair for anyone. Life can treat a person with the greatest of care or it will treat a person as if he/she is lower than dirt. African Americans are no different. They have faced great hardships and triumphs throughout the years. Since they had been forced from their homeland they have been treated as if they had no rights or thoughts of their own. They were placed in the status of slaves even though they were human beings too. No matter if they were placed in the minority group by the dominate majority group of white Americans they remind structurally pluralism by keeping to their beliefs and traditions. Before and after slavery African Americans did not receive equal treatment. â€Å"Even when slavery ended, Jim Crow laws went into effect meaning that the very best of everything was reserved for white’s only-school, jobs, neighborhoods, hospitals, etc. † (Moore, 2008). In other words, the African Americans took the subordinate status to the dominant white Americans. Their race was used to dictate what rights they would be allowed to have in America. At one point, they did not have the right to be free and over the years they were given that right back. Even though they regained their right to be free, they still were not very free. They were only allowed to eat in certain places, drink from certain fountains, and ride in the back of the bus. This is not what would be called very free. They were not even given the opportunities to receive a quality education or to vote. â€Å"With the 1896 Supreme Court decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the separate by equal doctrine was upheld, and the system of segregation in the South was securely in place† (Merger, 2012, pg. 169). When it came to getting a quality education, they were placed at the bottom of the totem pole. The whites receive the best opportunities for receiving a quality education while the African Americans were not. It was not until the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that African Americans were allowed a better education. â€Å"Separate schools were inherently unequal and imposed an inferior status on black children, causing irreparable psychological change† (Merger, 2012, pg. 173). The rights as citizens were also being denied by not allowing them to vote and make a proper living to take care of theirfamilies. Years ago, African Americans were not allowed to vote, so they had no say in the laws that were made that would deny them their rights as American citizens or human beings. This kept them from changing the laws that kept them from achieving economically and politically. The Civil Right Movement began a new era for African American. It was their gain of the right to vote and be elected to office that gave the some power over their rights as human beings and citizen in the economic and political environment. Even after everything that the African Americans have gone through, they still face prejudice and discrimination in all areas of their lives. It is no wonder that for some it feels as if it is never over. No matter what a person looks like, how he/she talks, their beliefs, where he/she lives, how much money he/she has, or what race he/she may come from we all bleed red and where cut from the same cloth. We all deserve to have the opportunities and resources that are out there to help better ourselves. African Americans are human beings too and they have the same rights as everyone else.