Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Reading response - Essay Example ies and to socialize the industries of the country.’ (Hillquit, 18) The platform of the party is to create awareness among the masses and is to educate them about political class-consciousness. However, as the American workers are dubious of the Socialist movement, they are approached through the Labor Party. The Labor Party can gain their confidence and then and lead them to the path of Socialism. The difference between the Socialist Party in the United States and the Communist Party of Russia is the scope of their manifesto. The Socialist party wants to emancipates all thus extending the benefits of industrialization to the masses in the United States. On the other hand the Communist Party in Russia holds the authority in few hands with the State being the channel that decides what and how much should be passed on to the masses. Thus these tow philosophies differ from one another as the two countries are different from each other, but as far as racialism in the United States is concerned than the Socialist Party takes the

Network Design Consultation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Network Design Consultation - Essay Example As for the server Windows server 2008 operating system would have to be installed, this is because the server would be used to manage the entire network. Because Windows Server 2008 is well designed to configure the networks as well as manage files and security settings it will be then recommended as compares to convectional operating systems because it has been optimized to manage a networked environment. To ensure the security of the network from outside intrusion a firewall would be most essential to handle cases of outside intrusion (Davis, 2004). In this case the option of using the inbuilt firewalls that come with the operating system may be used or alternatively a third party firewall maybe procured. For the network to operate a suitable network architecture has to be put into consideration (Hallberg, 2010). In this case a star topology will deployed due to the following reasons: first of all since the network would be managed centrally, cases on interruption upon a nodes’ failure would not disrupt the entire network. Secondly a star topology allows for easy expansion, for instance a technique called daisy chaining can be deployed whereby another switch can be connected to the main switch as another node and serve as a center of a second star topology (Sean Walberg, 2010). Since in this case one topology is deployed our network infrastructure will be illustrated as follows. The device wireless access point will have to be enabled so that the router can propagate wires signals. Secondly SSID (Service Set Identifier) will have to be set to default as well as allow for broadcast of SSID to associate in order to allow for wireless devices to detect the network when they come within range. Chanel settings allows one to select between the available channels offered by the router in our case 11 channels are available, this is

Report for potential investors in tesco plc

Report for potential investors in tesco plc The purpose of this report is for potential investors who are considering buying shares in Tesco plc. The report creates an overall picture of Tescos financial position and provides an assessment of Tescos performance over the last three years. The information used to assess the financial position of Tesco was gathered from the Annual report of the last three years. This information was downloaded from the official Tesco website. From that, the ratios were calculated from the financial statements within the report. Results Ratios 2004 2005 2006 Change (%) Return on capital employed 13.99% 14.77% 17.29% 19.09% increase Net profit Margin 5.17% 5.76% 5.78% 10% increase Asset Turnover 2.72 times 2.56 times 2.99 times 9.03% increase Current Assets 0.56 times 0.57 times 0.52 times 8.77% decrease Quick Ratio 0.35:1 0.35:1 0.33:1 05.71% decrease Gearing Analysis 35.35% 34.52% 28.38% 19.72% decrease Interest Cover 7.75 8.31 9.46 18.08% increase Earning per share 15.05p 17.44p 20.07p 25.01% increase Dividend Cover 2.13 times 2.29 times 2.57 times 17.12% increase Introduction The aim of this report is to provide an assessment of the companys performance over the three year period to a group of potential investors in the company. So this report will use nine financial ratios which are useful for the investors to help them to identify and highlight area of good and bad performance of the company and area with significant change. Therefore this report will consist: brief overview of the history of Tesco and Then it will analyse the profitability, liquidity, investment analysis of Tesco plc. The report will also advice potential investors on whether shares in this company would be a good investment. Brief Background on Tesco plc It is best known that Tesco Company is the leading retailer in the UK and one of the largest food retailers in the world. The retail industry is a highly competitive market. Tesco competes with a wide range of retailers with a wide range sizes and there face increased competition from UK retailers as well as international operators. Tesco also sell non food goods such as electrical goods and clothing. In general Tesco is a successful profitable company which attract investors to invest in the company. General Financial Analysis It is well known fact that the financial ratios become important for investors to help them whether they should buy shares in the business, sell them, or hold on shares which already own them. Therefore ratios analysis helps investors to identify and highlight area of good and bad performance of the company and area with significant change. In addition, financial ratios explain the relation between different figures in the financial statements consequently we could calculate hundred of ratios fro a set of financial statements, because of this we need to know which ratio provide a good and useful information for the investors , the ratios which are applied incorrectly they may be completely useless and misleading. However if they are used correctly they are useful for understanding the performance of the company and interpreting the company account. Ratios describe the relationship between different items in the financial; however the relative usefulness of each ratio depends on what aspects of a companys business affairs are being investigated. In this case of Tesco plc, there are four elements of ratios that are been analysed. These are Profitability, Liquidity and Investment analysis. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE): The ROCE is an important measure of the profitability of a company. This is because it is a popular indicator of management efficiency by contrasting the net profit generated by the company with the total capital employed (traditionally, total capital employed in this case has been taken to be the long term funding). It does not only incorporate the funds the shareholders have invested, but also funds invested by banks and other lenders, and therefore shows the productivity of the assets of the group. ROCE = PBIT ÃÆ'-100 Capital employed 2006 = 2,280 ÃÆ'-100 9,444 + 3742 = 17.29% 2005 = 1,952 ÃÆ'-100 4,563 + 8,654 = 14.77% 2004 = 1,729 ÃÆ'-100 7,990 + 4,368 = 13.99 These calculations show that the return on capital employed has been on steadily increasing for the past three years. For 2006, the ROCE is 17.29% which is 1.94 % above the average for the three years. This indicates that Tesco is using its invested resources more efficiently and that by comparing with other leading retailers, they ROCE are higher. This shows that this figure is more likely to be acceptable to potential investor. Comparison on Return on Capital employed Year Tesco plc J Sainsbury plc Morrisons 2004 13.99 7.99 6.01 2005 14.77 -2.56 5.1 2006 17.29 3.73 -5.63 Average 15.35 3.053333333 1.826667 Net profit margin is another widely used ratio in the assessment of company performance and in comparison with companies in the same industry. Net profit margin = Profit before exceptional items, interest tax ÃÆ'-100 Revenue (turnover) 2006 = 2,280 ÃÆ'-100 39,454 = 5.78 % 2005 = 1,952 ÃÆ'-100 33,866 = 5.76 % 2004 = 1,735 ÃÆ'-100 33,557 = 5.17 % From the calculation, it shows that net profit margin has been increasing slightly which shows Tesco have kept control of its expenses. Group sales have increased consistently through 2004/05 by 9.4% and in 2005/06 by 14.33%. (Note: in order for comparisons, two different figures were used in 05 sales due to the implementation of IFRS while the comparison for 04/05 was accounted under the standard of UK GAAP). As for PBIT, there was not much increase in 2004/05, however between 2005/06 there was an increase of 14.16 %. Comparison on Net profit Margin Year Tesco J Sainsbury plc Morrisons 2004 5.17% 3.23% 6.19% 2005 5.77 -0.99% 2.12% 2006 5.78 1.43% 2.17% Average 5.573 0.012 0.035 This shows Tesco average on net profit margin for the past three years is way above the averages of other leading supermarkets. This illustrates that in 2005 and 2006, Tesco profit margin is miles ahead. From this it can be concluded that it is a profitable company which has kept control of its expenses. The Asset Turnover is a measure of how much sales are generated by the capital asset base of a company. Asset turnover = Revenue (turnover) Capital employed For Tesco plc, asset for the three years are as follows: For 2006 = 39,454 13,186 = 2.99 times For 2005 = 33,866 13217 =2.56 times For 2004 = 33,557 12,358 = 2.72 times this shows that asset turnover is slightly increasing. This is due to the fact that revenue has increased considerably from  £33,557 in 2004 to  £39,454 in 2006 Comparison on Asset Turnover Year Tesco plc J Sainsbury plc Morrisons 2004 2.72 2.47 0.98 2005 2.56 2.57 2.59 2006 2.99 2.61 2.59 Average 2.7566667 2.55 2.053333 This shows that Tesco is above the average asset turnover for the market. From this it can be concluded that Tesco is generating more sales from its capital base. Liquidity Analysis It is clear that liquidity ratios analysis important to the investors as liquidity ratios related to the capacity of business to pay its short term debt as become due, therefore the focus is on the relationship between current assets and creditors due within one year, since these measure short term sources of cash and short term calls on that cash, there are two commonly used ratios which highlight such a situation: Current ratios (current assets/current liability) The current ratio measure the relationship between the companys current assets and its current liability in Tesco Companys balance sheet shows the current asset for 2006 3991 and current liability of 7518, the current asset for 2005 3224 current liability 5680, for 2004 current assets 3139 current liability 5618 Current ratios = currents assets Current liabilities For 2006 = 3919 7518 = 0.52 times For 2005 = 3224 5680 = 0.57 times For 2004 = 3139 5618 = 0.56 times It can be seen from the results the current ratio for Tesco company is stable between 2004 and 2005, however it fell slightly in 2006, this is because of the fact that there was an increase in current liabilities. Quick ratios (Current assets inventories) / current liabilities The quick ratios ignore the stock and concentrates upon those assets which can be turned into cash, the quick ratios important for investors who want to take share in Tesco Company where stock is turned over quickly and the sales are mainly on a cash, consequently the quick ratios compares liquid current assets with current liabilities. For 2006 = 3919 1464 7518 = 0.33: 1 For 2005 = 3224 -1309 5680 = 0.35: 1 For 2004 = 3139 1199 5618 = 0.35: 1 As it can be seen from the results the quick ratios test follow much the same trend on average over the three years of 0.34, which shows low level of resources are tied up in inventory. It can also be concluded that Tesco does not have any cash flow problems and therefore the company is using its resources well. Gearing Analysis An important determinant of a companys capacity to develop is its funding structure. This very important as it enables the company to assess its capacity to satisfy its long term commitment. The financial structure of a business is an important consideration when assessing the financial health of any entity. The most commonly used structure is the Gearing ratio, which quantifies the relationship between debt and equity. The higher the ratio then the more vulnerable the company is perceived to be this is because there is a high and fixed call on its profit before equity can be satisfied. This means that a company that has high gearing will has deal with its long term commitment such as long term debt and this in turn means they will be less fund for payment such as dividend for shareholders. Gearing Ratio = Long Term Debt ÃÆ'-100 Capital Employed For 2006 = 3742 ÃÆ'-100 9444 + 3742 = 28.38% For 2005 = 4563 ÃÆ'-100 8654 + 4563 = 34.52% For 2004 = 4368 ÃÆ'-100 7,990 + 4,368 = 35.35 % From these calculations, it shows that the long term debt has been decreasing steadily for the past couple of years while on the other hand the equity of the company has been increasing steadily, which indicate the finances of the company as moving towards equity and less on debt. Interest cover ratio: It is important to recognize that the interest cover ratio is important for investors as they measure the amount of profit available to cover interest payable. The high interest cover ratio it means that the company or business is easily able to meet its interest from profit. in the same way a low value from interest cover ratio it means that the business is in danger to meet its interest obligations therefore the profit available to the shareholder will be very low. In Tesco company the measure of interest cover ratio as follow: Interest cover ratio = profit before interest and tax Interest charge For 2006 = 2280 241 = 9.46 For 2005 = 1952 235 = 8.31 For 2004 = 1729 223 = 7.75 The measure of interest cover ratio of Tesco within the last three years tells us that the company maintaining increase in interest cover ratio 7.75, 8.31, 9.46 as a result Tesco is able to meet its interest from the profit therefore the profit are sufficient to pay the interest it owes and the profit available to the shareholder increased from 1729m in 2004 to 2280 in 2006. Investment Analysis Potential investors who want to buy shares in a company want to be able to have the information they require to compare the benefit from their investment. There are two measures of benefit to the investor: One is the profit of the period (usually referring to the profit available for the ordinary shareholders). The other is the dividend, which is the amount actually paid to the shareholders. Earning Per Share (EPS) EPS is a widely used measure of business performance and progress, and importantly the percentage change from year to year should be monitored for the trend. It explains to an investor the kind of return they could receive for each share during the accounting period. Therefore, it is important ratio as earning per share works out the average amount of profits earned per ordinary share issued. In accordance with FRS 14 Earnings per share, EPS must be disclosed on the face of the income statement. This means that when producing financial statements companies must disclose the EPS figures for investors to see. EPS = Earnings (profit) Number of equity share in issue For 2006 = 1,570 7,823 = 20.07p For 2005 = 1,344 7,707 = 17.44p For 2004 = 1,100 7,307 =15.05p As it can be seeing there has been a steady increase of EPS for the past of years. This indicates that potential investors would have an attractable return on there shares Dividend Cover The dividend cover ratio is another important ratio for potential investors as it measures the proportion of available profits which are issued to shareholders and the amount which is reserved by the company. In another words, the dividend cover ratio tells the investor how easily a business can pay its dividend from its profit. Dividend Cover = Profit after tax Ordinary dividend For 2006 = 1,570 609 = 2.57 times For 2005 = 1,344 587 = 2.29 times For 2004 = 1100 516 =2.13 times The measure of dividend cover ratio of Tesco plc for the last three years has shown a steady increase. It increased slightly from 2004 to 2005 and again in 2006. A high dividend cover means that a company can easily afford to pay dividend. For the last year (2006), the dividend covers shows that for every  £2.57 made in the profit,  £1 was issued to the shareholders Investment Advice Sales have risen by 14.94 %to  £39,454m Pre-tax profits are up by 24%, with earning per share increasing by 25% in 2006 from 2004. This result shows the excellent performance from all aspects of Tesco strategy. This is an extract from the Directors report for 2006: The directors recommend the payment of a final dividend of 6.10p per ordinary share, to be paid on 14 July 2006 to members à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Together with the interim dividend of 2.53p per ordinary share paid in December 2005, the total dividend for the year will be 8.63p compared with 7.56p for the previous year, an increase of 14.2% This shows that Tesco plc strong performance is been implemented in dividend as can be seen in the increase of payment. Tesco faces strong competition from other leading supermarket, however with the management strategy implemented by Tesco and their huge experience which has given them good image (every little help!) and trust in the market as a leading retailer. Therefore, it will be worthwhile investment for those who are interested in earning money through share price fluctuations to invest in Tesco. Conclusion This report has used nine ratios to analyse and interpret the financial position of Tesco plc. There are many other ratios that could be used and will also assist in the interpretations of the financial accounts. Although there are limitations to ratio analysis such as; ratios are based upon past performance and hence there are historical data. However ratio analysis is one of the best ways to analyse the financial performance of a company. This is because, it allows managers to spot any problems and therefore concentrate resources on that area. If ratio analysis is interpreted the right way then it can be useful tool of results which can be understood by accountants and non-financial users such potential investors.

Hindu Stages of Life Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Hindu religion the first stage of life is called Student. This stage begins when the child is between the ages of eight and twelve. In this stage the child or â€Å"student† is dependent on the teacher. The teacher is the person who the student lives with, usually not his or her parents. While the student is living with the teacher or master, he exchanges services for lessons. The service the student gives to the teacher is by doing anything that would please the teacher or that would make him comfortable. The type of things that would please the teacher would be, living as he was taught, telling others about the â€Å"religion†, participating in everyday ritual, etc. To make the teacher comfortable the student may get the teacher a blanket, something to eat or drink, or a chair to sit on. The teacher in return gives the student lessons. These lessons help build the students values and character. The teacher may give the student com mon knowledge as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stage of life, according to the Hindu religion, is Householder. This stage of life begins when the student is in his twenties and goes until he is around fifty. In this stage the student gets married and develops his own family. He also takes on success through his career and duty to the community. This is the stage where the fulfillment of pleasure takes place. These pleasures include; worldly success, duty to community and anything that would re...

Feminist Epistemology Essay

Abstract In this paper I analyze the potential of Allison Jaggar’s suggestion that emotions in general, and outlaw emotions in particular, be incorporated into feminist epistemology. Jaggar advocates a standpoint theory of emotions, and suggests that the emotions of the oppressed in particular are helpful rather than inimical to acquiring knowledge. I argue that although there are some potential problems with Jaggar’s approach, these problems are common to standpoint theories and can be addressed by applying the solutions offered by other feminist theorists. One common criticism made by feminist epistemologists[i] is the critique of traditional epistemology’s notions of objectivity and neutrality. As Naomi Scheman puts it, in traditional epistemology â€Å"[t]hose who are taken to be in the best position to know are those who are believed to be objective, distanced, dispassionate, independent, and nonemotionally rational† (3-4). [ii] According to Allison Jaggar, the result of this conception of the knower in modern epistemology is a sharp distinction between reason and emotion where reason is privileged because emotions are viewed as involuntary responses that distort our rational observations of the world, which in turn distort the knowledge we can gain from these observations (1992). She further argues that this distinction contributes to the denial of women’s epistemic authority since women are associated with emotions and men with reason, and so men became the standard by which epistemic authority is judged. This is just one of many concerns feminist epistemologists share. However, there are many dissimilarities between feminists as to how to deal with the problems in traditional epistemology. [iii] One approach that I will focus on in this paper is feminist standpoint theory, particularly the standpoint theory offered by Jaggar in â€Å"Love and Knowledge: Emotions in Feminist Epistemology. † What Jaggar aims to accomplish in her paper is to â€Å"begin bridging the gap [between emotion and knowledge] through the suggestion that emotions may be helpful and even necessary rather than inimical to the construction of knowledge† (1992, 146). The bridge she wants to build includes a methodology for identifying biases of the dominant group that leads to false appraisals of the world. This methodology relies on the notion that perspective can be altered by the way one is situated in the world, particularly how one’s situatedness can affect one’s emotional perspective and response. I will explain the concept of emotional perspective and response in a moment, but I want to first note that the type of emotions she thinks are important to feminist epistemologists are outlaw emotions—which are emotional responses that do not follow or support the values and norms we have been taught to accept. Because outlaw emotions are usually a negative response to norms and values, they can help us identify which biases are causing errors in our methods of seeking knowledge. The point that Jaggar wants to make clear is that impartiality in our epistemic methods is impossible, therefore, we should give up on the notion of impartiality and work towards identifying biases that will better guide our epistemic endeavors. There is much debate between feminists over the potential of feminist standpoint epistemologies, yet, I think that Jaggar’s methodology warrants some consideration. [iv] However, because she offers just a sketch of how emotions might be incorporated into epistemology, there are some aspects of her theory that are problematic. The first problem is that standpoint theories seem to neglect the differing experiences of particular individuals within groups by trying to speak about the experiences of these groups in general. The second problem is that Jaggar needs to address how to distinguish which outlaw emotions could potentially further feminist interests from the other emotions, outlaw or otherwise. The general aim of this paper, then, is to initiate an investigation into whether Jaggar’s proposal will be a fruitful endeavor for feminist epistemologists. The more specific aim of this paper is to point out some of the potential problems that arise from her theory, as a feminist theory, and to offer some potential solutions for these problems, some of which are solutions that feminists have previously used to answer similar problems in other feminist theories. 1. Jaggar’s View Jaggar argues that theories that make the distinction between reason and emotion as it pertains to knowledge are mistaken in that they falsely assume emotions are involuntary responses that can be separated from reason. Jaggar contends that most emotions are socially constructed, intentional, and can influence our perceptions of the world. For example, when someone feels anger at a slight from a friend, this anger arises not as an involuntary response, but rather there is a judgment being made about the way friends ought to behave and the response of anger is the appropriate emotion that corresponds with one’s expectations being disappointed. We form beliefs about what constitutes a slight by a friend at the same time as we learn what our society values as appropriate friendship behavior and appropriate responses to different experiences—say affection as a response to respect from one’s friends and anger to disrespect. The idea that emotions are constructed suggests that socialization influences our appraisals of the world and the judgments we make are often emotional responses to observations that reflect the norms and values of our society. For example, when someone tells a joke the expected response is for a person to be amused. However, my being amused by a joke presupposes a number of social conditions. For instance, when we hear something like ‘a priest, a rabbi, and a duck walk into a bar’ we immediately feel an anticipatory amusement, since we recognize this as a joke formula. [v] If I do not recognize this formula then my lack of understanding could cause me to not share the same social experience as the other people who are hearing the same joke. Second, in order to find the joke amusing I must not only understand the language in which the joke is told, but also the content of the joke. I must share the same appraisal of the world in order to actually be amused by the punch line. Third, emotional responses are neither automatic nor passive in the sense that we have no control over them. I may be amused and laugh at a joke of this type. However, I may not laugh if I find the joke to be in bad taste even though not laughing when amusement is anticipated often creates moments of social tension and discomfort. The important thing to note here is that in both cases whether or not I am amused can be a deliberate conscious decision. From this example, we can see why Jaggar suggests that, â€Å"every emotion presupposes an evaluation of some aspect of the environment while, and conversely, every evaluation or appraisal of the situation implies that those who share the evaluation will share, ceteris paribus, a predictable emotional response to the situation† (1992, 153). Just as I would have to share a similar appraisal of the world in order to understand the punch line of a joke, I am also influenced by those preconceived notions to think the joke is funny. At the very least, I am conditioned to some extent to recognize a joke when I hear one and laugh when I think laughter is the expected response. Jaggar thinks it is important to recognize that emotions play a role in how we seek knowledge, given that if we maintain the distinction between emotion and reason in epistemology, then this distinction will influence whom we think are good epistemic agents: namely, dispassionate investigators who can keep their emotions from interfering with their observations. Ironically, because the notion of a dispassionate investigator is considered the ideal, we are biased in our assessment of who is a good investigator and who is not. Note that Jaggar is not saying we are not being impartial enough in our assessment of investigators; rather she is saying our bias in favour of the dispassionate is inhibiting because emotion is an essential part of knowledge. Moreover, the distinction between emotion and reason is problematic, as Jaggar points out, because â€Å"reason has been associated with members of dominant political, social, and cultural groups and emotion with members of subordinate groups†, like â€Å"people of color†¦and women† (1992, 157). The result of the false distinction between emotion and reason is that it produces a myth about investigators that functions in a circular pattern where the myth reinforces the oppression of those who are perceived as emotional, while the oppression reinforces the myth that it is bad to be emotional. In order to give a full account of what it means to be a good investigator, then, we should acknowledge how emotions function to produce passionate investigators who are reliable observers. The first point Jaggar thinks a full account should include is that in many ways emotions are socially constructed in a way that reflects the norms and values of our society, and that this emotional construction influences our evaluations and observations of the world. The second aspect of the social construction of our emotional constitution she wants to point out is that our emotional construction is not complete in the sense that there are people who do not always respond to or evaluate particular situations in a manner that reflects social norms and values. Jaggar calls these unconventional emotional responses and evaluations â€Å"outlaw† emotions, and states that they are usually experienced by â€Å"subordinated individuals who pay a disproportionately high price for maintaining the status quo† (1992, 160). However, when the distinction between emotion and reason is maintained biases against emotional responses in general and unconventional emotional responses in particular, are disregarded. For example, a woman may feel anger or fear when a sexist joke is made, but when she tries to voice her opinion she is told either that she did not understand the joke or that she has no sense of humour. Thus, when the distinction is maintained it makes it difficult, if not impossible, to realize that the joke is not funny because it is based on a negative stereotype. That is to say, it is not acknowledge that the stereotype and the expected emotional response is dictated by the current norms and values. Furthermore, because a woman, who may already be identified as a bad observer, is pointing out that there may be a mistake in our way of thinking, her response is disregarded as emotional and unreliable, and the oppressive norms and values go unquestioned. 2. Jaggar’s Methodology and Potential Problems The benefit of ridding ourselves of epistemologies that do not acknowledge the role of emotions, both conventional and unconventional, is that we can begin to recognize which norms and values are causing harmful biases and negative stereotypes. Furthermore, Jaggar claims that feminist outlaw emotions—which are outlaw emotions that â€Å"incorporate feminist perceptions and values†Ã¢â‚¬â€are particularly useful in feminist epistemology because they â€Å"can help in developing alternatives to prevailing reality by motivating new investigations†¦Feminist emotions provide a political motivation for investigation and so help determine the selection of problems as well as the method by which they are investigated† (1992, 161). Although Jaggar meant to offer a rough sketch of some of the changes that need to be made to our epistemic theories and practices, I think there are  some potential problems that need to be addressed. For one, I think she needs to say more about how we should determine which emotions will lead to fruitful norms and values, and which emotions we should reject. To her credit, it seems that Jaggar recognizes this is a question that needs to be addressed given that she tries to give reasons for why â€Å"certain alternative perceptions of the world, perceptions informed by outlaw emotions, are to be preferred to perceptions informed by conventional norms† (1992, 161). She claims the reason women’s outlaw emotions should be given consideration is because women are not members of the group that conventional beliefs about emotions privilege. Given that women experience the consequences of not being privileged, they are not as likely to adhere to these norms without question. Hence, they are better able to articulate the negative aspects of their experiences because they do not fear that this questioning of norms will threaten their privileged status. The problem with this response is that it does not seem to fully answer the question, because some outlaw emotions will not provide reliable guides to identifying biases, and so the difficulty will be distinguishing which emotions are reliable from those that are not. In order to give a more robust argument for why we should give special consideration to the emotions of oppressed people she needs to first address the fact that the â€Å"oppressed† do not share one perspective. As pointed out by Marilyn Frye, one problem with making claims about the standpoint of women’s emotional perspectives is that such claims seem to presuppose there are universal types of emotions—outlaw or otherwise—that are consistent throughout the emotions experienced by women. Frye notes that this is a mistake often made by feminists given that it is common for epistemological theories to espouse that â€Å"all knowers are essentially alike, that is, are essentially like oneself: one thinks that one speaks not just as oneself, but as a human being† (35). What happens in feminist theorizing as a response to this attitude is feminists become convinced they need to speak as â€Å"Women† in order to be taken seriously. As Frye points out, feminists often face the difficult task of trying to articulate â€Å"the circumstances, experience and perception of those who are historically, materially, culturally constructed by or through the concept women. But the differences among women across cultures, locales and generations make it clear that although all female humans may live lives shaped by the concepts of Woman, they are not all shaped by the same concept of Woman† (36). [vi] The point I want to stress from this passage is that not all women will experience the same emotions in the same contexts because we are formed by different concepts of â€Å"Woman† even though women in general face oppression in one form or another. In response to the problem of women’s differing experiences, Frye suggests feminists approach epistemology with a different methodology. That is, a methodology that will allow women to give meaning to their own experiences even though they are not experiences that are shared by all women. Part of this project entails that feminists give up the notion of a universal women’s experience. Another part is that they listen to many different women’s experiences and look for patterns of similarity. Frye suggests this methodology will result in the following: The experiences of each woman and of the women collectively generate a new web of meaning. Our process has been one of discovering, recognizing, and creating patterns—patterns within which experience made a new kind of sense, or in instances, for the first time made any sense at all. Instead of bringing a phase of enquiry to closure by summing up what is known, as other ways of generalizing do, pattern recognition/constructions opens fields of meaning and generates new interpretive possibilities. Instead of drawing conclusions from observations, it generates observations. (39) I think this methodology will be helpful in pointing out the outlaw emotions that can offer guidance as to which of our norms and values are questionable, and opens a dialogue over potential ways to change them. The methodology Frye advocates can be further developed if we consider potential ways in which women can express their experiences such that patterns can be recognized. One approach that I find particularly convincing is offered by Morwenna Griffiths. Griffiths suggests that feminist epistemologists can employ autobiographical accounts of women’s experiences as a means of articulating the differences between women’s experiences. Like Frye, Griffiths also notes that there is no one experience common to all women. However, Griffiths further claims that, â€Å"[i]ndividuals are not entirely of one group or another. On the contrary, individuals are fragments of an uncertain number of groups† (62). The conclusion she draws from this point is that it is an oversimplification to limit the types of knowledge humans can acquire into categories like women’s knowledge. One person can experience oppression from the perspective of more than one position. To name a few, one may experience oppressions from the perspectives of a particular race, class, gender, or sexual orientation, and intersections of these. For example, the oppression experienced by a native woman is not the same as that experienced by a native man or that experienced by a white woman. Hence, Griffiths suggests that one’s positions in the world at different times can contribute to her understanding of the world, which in turn will influence the knowledge she can acquire about the world. Noting the different positions from which an individual can have experiences and acquire knowledge is important because it suggests that there can be similarities between the positions we occupy and the individual experiences we have. This potential to have similar experiences of the world further suggests that similarities in experience make it the case that we are not completely denied access to other people’s understanding of the world. The reason Griffiths thinks autobiographical accounts are a crucial feature of feminist epistemology is because the way in which individuals come to find similarities in experiences is through language. To further clarify her point, she argues that, language has a considerable power to determine what we see and do, but this power is not absolute. We also create new language, by working on the languages in which we live. Individual experience can be used in creation knowledge in combinations with the experiences of others. Groups can develop languages of their own if they share particular psychosocial, social and linguistic experiences. Thus women in society, for instance, who share particular positions within it can develop a way of talking about this. (66) In short, Griffiths suggests that language is key to feminist epistemology because it points out how women with different experiences can nonetheless come to some consensuses on the oppressions they experience and the knowledge developed from these experiences. 3. Conclusion I think that if we incorporate Griffiths’ and Frye’s approach on Jaggar’s theory what we will find is a more tenable response to questions about which outlaw emotions can be regarded as being particular to women: namely, patterns of outlaw emotions that feminists have recognized through the expression of different women’s autobiographical accounts. And once we can start pointing out the commonalities between the different perspectives that arise from the standpoint of different women, we can begin show that there is something about women’s reality that makes it the case that they are experiencing the world differently than men. I have not even scratched the surface with respect to giving a detailed explanation of exactly how Jaggar thinks a fully functional theory of outlaw emotions might look. However, I am assuming that once theorists start admitting that emotion is an integral part of epistemology the intricate details of how to identify fruitful outlaw emotions will be worked out. For instance, we might be able to start identifying patterns of emotions that could be considered outlaw emotions and which norms and values that they are a response to. And this recognition will further our abilities to start questioning the norms and values that guide our epistemic practices. I think this is the sort of thing Jaggar had in mind when she states that the benefit of bridging the gap between emotion and knowledge is that our emotions, when properly accessed, â€Å"may contribute to the development of knowledge, so the growth of knowledge may contribute to the development of appropriate emotions† (1992,163). The development of this project may be slow and arduous, but given the problems that exist in traditional epistemology I think Jaggar’s project seems worthy of consideration as a potential contributor to a solution. NOTES ———————– [i] For the purposes of this paper I will equate feminist epistemologists with feminists philosophers of science given that there are many overlapping interests between the two. [ii] For similar arguments, particularly with respect to how positivism had contributed to the notion of the ideal objective knower, see Jaggar (1992) and (1983), especially pp. 355-358; Code (1993). [iii] As noted by Louise Antony, â€Å"For discussions of epistemological frameworks available to feminists, see Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism, (Ithaca, N. Y. : Cornell University Press, 1986), especially pp. 24-29; Mary Hawkesworth, â€Å"Feminist Epistemology: A Survey of the Field,† Women and Politics 7 (1987): 112-124; and Hilary Rose, â€Å"Hand, Brain, and Heart: A feminist Epistemology for the Natural Sciences,† Signs 9, 11 (1983): 73-90. † (Antony 2002, Note 3). [iv] For discussion of Feminist Standpoint Theory, see Bar On (1993); Harding (1993); Longino (1993). For a more general analysis of essentialism in feminist theorizing, see Spelman (1988). [v] Thanks to Elizabeth Brake for clarifying the distinction between the emotion of amusement and the behavior of laughter, as well as supplying me with an example of amusement anticipation. [vi] Jaggar does mention that she is speaking â€Å"very generally of people and their emotions, as though everyone experienced similar emotions and dealt with them in similar ways† (Jaggar 1992, 157). And she further notes that â€Å"it is an axiom of feminist theory†¦that all generalizations about ‘people’ are suspect† (Jaggar 1992, 157). So she does, at the very least, seem to recognize that she may fall prey to Frye’s criticism. However, she goes on to argue that making generalizations about the emotionality of women is part of how the epistemic authority of men is perpetuated, and she does not address the issue of how she should deal with the problem as it applies to standpoint theory. I find this particularly odd given that in another work she claims that part of the project of feminist ethics entails that feminists be sensitive to the fact that all women are not similarly situated in such a way that universal claims can be made about them even though there are commonalities between women’s situatedness at times. (Jaggar 1991). So, although I am uncertain as to why she does not deal with problems that might arise from this issue as it applies to standpoint theory, I gather that she would welcome rather than reject feminist theories that could aid her in avoiding this problem as it would apply to feminist epistemology. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alcoff, Linda, and Elizabeth Potter. 1993. Feminist epistemologies. New York: Routledge. Antony, Louise. 2002. Quine as a feminist: the radical import of naturalized epistemology. In A mind of one’s own 2nd edition, ed. Louise M. Antony and Charlotte E. Witt. Colorado: Westview Press. Bar On, Bat-Ami. 1993. Marginality and epistemic privilege. In Feminist epistemologies. See Alcoff and Potter 1993. Code, Lorraine. 1993. Taking subjectivity into account. In Feminist epistemologies. See Alcoff and Potter 1993. Frye, Marilyn. 1996. The possibility of feminist theory. In Women, knowledge and reality 2nd edition. ed. Ann Garry and Marilyn Pearsall. New York: Routledge. Griffiths, Morwenna. 1995. Feminisms and the self. New York: Routledge. Harding, Sandra. 1993. Rethinking standpoint epistemology: â€Å"what is strong objectivity†?. In Feminist epistemologies. See Alcoff and Potter 1993. Jaggar, Alison M. 1992. Love and knowledge: emotions in feminist epistemology. In Gender/body/knowledge. ed. Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. ——. 1991. Feminist ethics: projects, problems, prospects. In Feminist ethics. ed. Claudia Card. Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ——. 1983. Feminist politics and human nature. New Jersey: Rowman & Allanheld Publishers. Longino, Helen E. 1993. Subjects, power and knowledge: description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science. In Feminist epistemologies. See Alcoff and Potter 1993. Scheman, Naomi. 1993. Engenderings: constructions of knowledge, authority, and privilege. New York: Routledge. Spelman, Elizabeth V. 1988. Inessential women: problems of exclusion in feminist thought Boston: Beacon Press.

LA Heroic Essay

Take Percy Jackson, a fictional character from The Lightning Thief for example. He went on a dangerous quest and risked his life to save his mother. Throughout his journey he saved many others along the way, an example is that he saved a family on the arch from a chimera by jumping into the river below not knowing whether he would survive the jump or not. He also protected his friend from the Minotaur by jumping on its back and breaking of its horn then stabbing it with its own horn. Percy made a cautious choice and an act of selflessness in all three occasions.He values his mom and his friend's life over his own because of love. He sacrifices his life for the family because of altruism. Percy demonstrated the character of a hero. Yes, it is easy for Percy Jackson to perform one heroic act after another through a stroke Of a pen. However, the characteristic of heroism does not change between fictional and non-fictional situation. Take Walter Leers, a real life hero for example. He se rved in the army during WWW II. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for risking his life to protect his squad.He single handedly took out two machine gun nests and seven enemy soldiers. Leers also risked his life drawing enemy fire so his men could escape; he took a sniper bullet through his side, which went through his rib and backpack during the process. Walter Leers chose to risk himself for the lives of many so that the nation can enjoy the freedom that so many heroes have fought and given their lives to protect. Walter acted on a decision of self-sacrifice to protect his squad. As mentioned earlier, heroism comes in all forms and ages.Tyler Donna is an example of such. Tyler Donna, an 8-year-old who rescued six relatives from a fire including two younger children. But he died trying to save his disabled grandfather. Even though his aunt was holding him back, he broke free from her grip and went back into the blazing fire just so he could save his grandfather. He even called 911 r ight away when he saw the fire, he did everything he could do to make sure everyone was okay and ended up dying trying to save everyone. Tyler did not need a cape or super power to do what he did.All it took was his courage to make the choice that he thought was worth his life. So what is the meaning of hero? Walter Leers and Tyler Donna symbolize the meaning of hero. Their courage to choose and act selflessly for the betterment of the greater good surround us every day and everywhere; from the firefighters, to the soldiers, to the scientists and to those who work tirelessly behind the scene making that very same decision to dedicate their life to the greater good, live and breath the meaning of a hero. Work Cited Fayette, Chris.

Case Study Of An Abusive Parental Relationship Social Work Essay Essay Example

Case Study Of An Abusive Parental Relationship Social Work Essay Essay Example Case Study Of An Abusive Parental Relationship Social Work Essay Essay Case Study Of An Abusive Parental Relationship Social Work Essay Essay Abstraction: Child maltreatment and disregard are common societal issues in differing grades are prevailing in all states of the universe. This paper will discourse the instance of Child L who is in an abused relationship with her female parent. The paper will besides concentrate on the issues faced by her female parent as a individual black parent with unstable fiscal and emotional history. It deals with the appraisal of the state of affairs with mention to the facts as presented in this instance survey and negotiations about intercession schemes to develop a attention program for Child L. Attention has been paid to interact with Child L and prosecute her in direct communicating maintaining in head anti-discriminatory patterns. Justification for intercessions suggested has been included wheresoever necessary. Introduction: Until every bit late as a few decennaries ago, adult females s and kids s issues were non given due consideration. Womans were normally blamed for their impotence to look after their kids and guard them from domestic force. This was chiefly because they were unable to walk out of their opprobrious relationships with their hubbies due to social force per unit areas and non holding independent agencies of income ( Humphreys A ; Stanley 2006 ) . Thingss have changed but somewhat and individual parenting has become more common. However, there is demand to back up individual parents and supply them developing in good parenting accomplishments for them to be able to raise their kids in a healthy environment. Socialization of kids Begins in the household, peculiarly, with the parents. Children learn to organize attitudes that determine how good they will be adjusted as grownups in society. They learn life accomplishments, relationships, struggle declaration accomplishments, and communicating by emulating their parents or other socialising agents. Hence, it is non plenty to fault opprobrious parents for their bad parenting but support by manner of preparation, reding, advice demands to be provided to them so that they can larn to be good parents. When all attempts in back uping opprobrious parents fail to convey about any appreciable alteration in the parents attitude or behaviour other intercession schemes like arrangements in surrogate places need to be considered. The kid s protection and wellbeing is in the balance here. Facts of the instance: Capable, Child L is a 2 twelvemonth old black miss Subject does non travel to any babys room or play school Mother does non take her to the infirmary or to see any physicians Subject does non hold a male parent Subject has an opprobrious female parent Mother suffers from personality upset Capable under kid protection program Mother does non adhere to the kid protection program Mother has history of force and strong beliefs Mother was besides a looked after kid Mother is a school drop-out at 14 Mother does non hold a lasting occupation Comprehensive appraisals of hazards that Child L is exposed to: Child L is isolated from the community as she does non travel to play school and does non hold any societal interactions with people other than her opprobrious female parent. The kid needs to interact with others because societal interactions create consciousness and helps to construct assurance ; self -esteem and a positive attitude towards social values, cultural criterions and the willingness to accept authorization of others and portion duties. The kid is an baby and is likely non able to pass on efficaciously with others or show her anxiousnesss and emphasis. Parents need to pass quality clip with their kids to understand their demands and desires. Talking to kids and listening to them is a good manner of disbursement quality clip and holding a good parent-child relationship. This helps kids to hold positive ego regard and develop a healthy regard for others every bit good. Mother is unable to supply a stable place for the kid and the 7th floor bedsit adjustment is non contributing to proper kid development. Populating conditions have an of import impact on wellness and development of kids. The hazard to proper kid development is higher in low income places ( Ross and Roberts 1999 ) . However, household income is non the lone determiner of a kid s proper growing and development. Mother is non mentally or emotionally stable and has strong beliefs for aggression and force. Research shows that female parents who are verbally aggressive with their kids were found to be commanding and gave waies even for their drama activities ( Wiley-Blackwell 2008 ) . They demonstrated a inclination to keep their kids by catching their carpuss or shoulders. It was besides found that kids with verbally aggressive female parents refused to accept their uses and orders, though their opposition was frequently weak, short lived and indirect. It is of import to retrieve that a parent s verbally aggressive behavior might damage the ego assurance and ego regard of the kid doing the kid to hold behaviour upset in ulterior life ( Dwivedi A ; Harper 2004 ) . Child L does non hold any one to step in on her behalf in the event of her female parent mistreating her physically. The scene described in the instance survey when the female parent asks her girl to make off is unfortunate. This scene took topographic point in a public topographic point, viz. the GP s chamber. This is an illustration of the verbal aggression that Child L is exposed to with no 1 to step in on her behalf. Physical and emotional maltreatments of this nature go on with many kids in our society. Children are subjected to menaces, bids, loud angry words, accusals and words full of misgiving directed towards them all the clip. Mother s behavior has been termed as unpredictable non suited for healthy parent-child interactions. Parent behavior has a deep impact on kids s emotional growing. The unpredictable nature of Child L s female parent can do her anxiousness and apprehensiveness. The kid will turn up experiencing confused by her female parent s effusions and jump laid-back behavior. This will impact her ego assurance and her trust in other grownups and she will non cognize how to emotionally cover with different state of affairss. Mother does non hold a support system and has really few friends or household members. As such she does non acquire much aid in raising her girl entirely and she is impatient with her because she is over-worked and tired. In such instances the kids are left reasonably much by themselves and make non hold much supervising or monitoring. The impact of being left unsupervised and unmonitored can hold negative deductions on immature kids, particularly from hapless households. Mother does non hold a steady agency of gaining with practically no instruction and does non hold a steady paid occupation. Surveies have showed that kids of employed female parents tend to be better adjusted socially and make better in faculty members. Daughters of employed female parents are more positive and less diffident. Children with employed female parents besides fit into leading functions rather comfortably. For hapless or working category people a female parent s employment position is of import as that has a direct connexion with the female parent s sense of good being ( Hoffman 1998 ) . Mother has a history of violent behavior and the kid is at hazard of maltreatment. Case of her verbal aggression towards the kid has been noted. When a kid is witness to violent behavior at such a immature age as Child L, the feeling tends to be really deep and she may transport the cicatrixs of this fright throughout her life. Her religion in her female parent will be shaken as she knows her female parent to be her lone attention giver. In such instances kids find it difficult to hold healthy fond regards with parents, siblings or friends. Such kids may develop depression and anxiousness upsets in maturity. The kid does non hold proper medical attending as the female parent does non let her to interact with societal workers or physicians. This may be a unsafe tendency as all kids must hold medical check-ups to find healthy growing. In instance of abused kids, like Child L in this instance, it is of import for a medical practician to analyze her for physical hurt that may hold been inflicted on her by her unstable female parent. The advice of the physician or wellness practician is besides valuable in finding whether the kid needs psychological aid every bit good. Child L is lonely and this manifests itself in her reluctance to travel off with her female parent from the surgery where she is inclined to remain and play with the wellness practician. Isolation and solitariness merely add to the load of being abused by one s intemperate parents. Child L is isolated and does non hold many relations or friends to pass on with and organize healthy fond regards. This will increase her injury and consequence in hapless people accomplishments in big life. The kid belongs to an cultural minority group and is at hazard of confronting prejudiced behavior from others in the community. Black African adult females face racial favoritism, subjugation and demoralisation even today. However, anti-discriminatory patterns need to be implemented and the societal attention worker needs to be good trained in understanding diverseness and in acquiring appropriate and timely wellness attention for Child L ( Malek A ; Joughin 2004 ) . Under the fortunes it is really hard to supervise the kid s status. It is hard to make the kid as the female parent is non inclined to let her girl to socialise and be friendly. The societal attention worker assigned to care for Child L needs to be able to extenuate the female parent s ill will ( Falkov, Diggins A ; Mayes 1998 ) and have entree to the kid at all times to be able to forestall her being abused. Monitoring Child L s physical and emotional status is besides of import as that will let the societal attention practician to measure the kid s current demands and supply intercession when necessary. Since the female parent was besides raised in a Foster place she may non cognize how to get by with her kid s emotional demands. Research shows that rather frequently parents who had been abused as kids grow up to be opprobrious parents as they emulate the behavior they had been exposed at a bomber witting degree. As they were neer given the chance to hold responsible and caring parents they themselves do non develop good parenting accomplishments ( Saisan, Smith A ; Segal 2010 ) . Though the hazard factors present in Child L s instance are many, it may be helpful to advert here that non all kids respond to the same hazards and their causal factors in the same ways. There is no specific hazard aspect that can be associated specifically with mental, emotional or physical jeopardy for a kid ( Nemours 2006 ) . Different hazard factors can impact different kids otherwise and kids may exhibit different symptoms after being exposed to the same hazard. The symptoms Child L demonstrates should be noted and so program for appropriate intercessions should be developed. Child L s Needs, Safeguarding and Interventions: The Child Protection Plan is a agency to assist households and professional societal attention workers to interact and be able to set up the guidelines for parents to better safeguard their kid s involvements. The keys points of a kid protection program ( Haringey s LSCB ) entails that the kid is to be kept in a safe and unafraid environment, the kid s public assistance has to be of first importance and the household should have the support they need to raise their kids in safety. Protection against witnessing violence- Witnessing force can be a terrific experience for immature kids and can do emotional injury. The female parent needs to protect her kid and non be the cause of her hurt. Child L needs to be kept under kid protection program to safeguard her from being physically abused. The female parent needs to be counselled about her making an highly detrimental environment for her kid by her aggression. Mother s untreated mental and behaviour disorder- Parents who suffer from depression, anxiousness upset, mental instability have problem taking attention of themselves, much less their kids. As is demonstrated in the instance survey Child L s female parent is mentally and emotionally non really balanced hence she is speedy to anger and is aggressive with her girl. Parents who are themselves traumatized and fighting to act usually may look be distant and withdrawn from their kids. Treatment for the female parent is of import as it will intend better attention for Child L. Lack of proper rearing accomplishments. Child L s female parent was a looked after kid herself and likely did non hold the chance to larn good parenting accomplishments. She likely has unrealistic appraisal of her girl s demands and the sum of attention she deserves. The female parent needs to be given rearing categories, support from community support groups and/or reding therapy Sessionss to acquire over her ain jobs and larn good parenting accomplishments. The program should maintain in head the Children Act 1989 s 17 ( 1 ) which says that it is the responsibility of every local authorization to safeguard kids and take attention of their public assistance within their country and supply a scope of services appropriate for kids s demands ( DH ) . Isolation and deficiency of support. As we all know that rearing is non an easy undertaking and people need to pass a batch of clip and attempt to raise a kid, particularly, when the parent is a individual female parent. In this instance survey non merely is the female parent a individual parent, but she has added jobs of non holding fiscal stableness or a support system by manner of friends or household. Child L needs to be protected from being isolated and in order to make that efficaciously, her mother needs to be supported to be emotionally and financially stable. Care must be taken to socialise the kid and her female parent. Safeguarding against maltreatment and disregard. Since Child L is under kid protection program, she should be closely monitored and any marks of maltreatment or disregard must be reported and taken really earnestly. Repeated maltreatment can hold womb-to-tomb reverberations for the kid and can impact her relationships in future and damage her sense of self-pride. Monitoring closely will besides assist supervise her female parent s behavior which can be remedied by seting her female parent through choler direction programmes or good parenting lessons. Scientific grounds proves that the household, school and community have a big function to play in the physical and mental wellness of persons. Interactions with parents, equals and others in the community impact their behavior beyond their normal familial leanings. Child L, hence, needs to be allowed to pass clip with others in the community to be able to understand a wider scope of behavior forms and be able to larn from them. This will assist her to do right picks as an grownup. Socializing dramas an of import portion in the general growing and good being of a kid. Socializing Teachs a child life accomplishments and peer interactions assist set up self-esteem and self assurance. The hazard of Child L being isolated and non allowed to socialise can render her incapable to managing struggles in big life. There are several positive results of socialisation and these fix the kid for an independent and responsible grownup life. Interactions with equals and others in the school, vicinity and community helps the kid to larn how to modulate emotions, think independently and accommodate behavior to accommodate the type of interaction ( Berns 2010 ) . Research done by the National Institute of Child Health and Development shows that the quality of mother-child interaction, particularly the female parent s sensitiveness to her kid s physical and emotional demands was more of import than whether or non the female parent was employed as it determined the sense of security a kid experienced, of fond regard and love from the female parent. The female parent s employment position has little bearing on the kid s behaviors but may be impacted if the female parent is negative or insensitive to the kid s demands. Safety of the kid comes foremost and the instance should be handled by professionals. Alternatively of concentrating on single instance by instance footing statute law is passed as a wide spectrum step to control the addition in incidents of kid maltreatment. However, since the kineticss of kid maltreatment can be varied people need to describe kid maltreatment and acquire aid from professionals ( Gil 1971 ) . The kid should be protected against repeats of maltreatment and alternate solutions must be considered, for illustration, seting kid under protection program where the kid is monitored by professionals on a regular basis or be put in Foster places where proper attention will be given to the kid. Professional intercession in the signifier of direct communicating with the kid should be done by societal attention givers. While interacting with the kid, the societal work practician must guarantee that the kid feels reassured and relaxed. Since Child L is about an baby the societal worker demands to be really unagitated and friendly. S/he needs to reassure the kid that the female parent s aggressive and dismissive behavior towards the kid is non the kid s mistake. There is nil incorrect with her and she is merely every bit loveable as any other 2 twelvemonth old. Deriving the assurance of the kid should be the primary aim so that the kid feels free to come to the societal worker if she needs aid. Social worker must maintain in head that the kid has limited linguistic communication and can non rather explicate what she experiences. Observation is more of import than question ( Saisan, Smith A ; Segal 2010 ) . Child Protection Plan Data has to be collected at different degrees with trying from all strata of society, while concentrating more on lower income households. Social attention professionals need to be trained to place ( Beckett 2007 ) and classify kids who are victims or at hazard of kid maltreatment. Monitoring and describing at all community degrees must be ensured. Parents need to be monitored to look into if they are having their basic rights and support from the authorities. A unit of ammunition the clock response system has to be put in topographic point to have and cover suitably with ailments from abused kids or anyone coverage maltreatment. A bar program needs to be implemented to forestall kids from being abused farther. Every Child Matters is a programme that helps to progress positive results for kids, immature grownups and households. It is an instrument of alteration and a tool to implement the Government s policy of simple reforms for kids and guidelines for safeguarding their well being. In this instance survey, as Child L is but an baby, the societal attention practician must affect the female parent in this programme to be effectual in this single instance. Every Child Matters draws its inspiration from the model provided by the Children s Act 2004. The four key facets of the legal model are given below ( Fraser 2007 ) : Children must be engaged in positive activities to convey about an attitudinal alteration. This can be streamlined by prosecuting experts in communicating who will be able to supply the right motive and take barriers to larning. Young people must be encouraged and motivated to fall in and volunteer for community service. Making consciousness for immature people to do the right picks about their ain lives. Support should be based on single footing depending on the demands of the kid. Community groups need to be organized at different degrees to work on kid and household issues. Volunteers and societal workers need to be able to supply counsel and reding for abused kids and their household members. A organic structure should be set up to organize the work. Social plans should be introduced to raise public consciousness on this issue and advise people on human and child rights to forestall kids from being exploited and abused. Social workers squad must be multi-disciplinary and be trained to place victims that need immediate safety and protection and be able to form for their guardianship. Social workers should transport out place visits and on the topographic point review and co-ordinate with kid protection bureaus. Government and community societal work bureaus are making a just sum of work in this field. We need to incorporate the attempt made by these bureaus by forming life accomplishments preparation ( Maennantharat 2010 ) , self protection preparation, and raise consciousness about domestic force, particularly amongst minority subdivisions of the community. A nucleus group of professionals from multidisciplinary Fieldss, including members of the community mental wellness squad, will hold to be involved in developing the program farther. The program needs to include a continual appraisal of the state of affairs and look into for attachment with the kid protection program and besides include countries of concern as listed below ( Haringey s LSCB ) : Indentifying and turn toing the root causes that may harm the kid. Bing able to make a agenda that will hold clip edge activities for the societal attention givers and household members to halt the agonies of the kid. Specific undertakings that target short term and long term kid focused results with deadlines and effects for non being able to run into the mark. A day-to-day monitoring undertaking for societal workers for single kids to look into the safety of the kids on a daily footing. A eventuality program has to be set up if the kid protection program fails in presenting the needed results. A regular reviewing system for the kid protection program has to be set up to look into for efficaciousness. If the parent fails to adhere to the kid protection program as in the instance survey and the kid is exposed to important injury, attention proceedings have to be started in a household tribunal ( Family Justice Council 2010 ) . The local governments in coaction with societal attention workers will seek to work out the necessary alterations required of the household before affecting tribunal proceedings. A full appraisal is required with proviso of services mentioned in the kid protection program. The parents, in this instance the female parent of Child L, should reach a specializer kid attention jurisprudence canvasser in instance the instance needs to be presented before a tribunal. Legal assistance strategy is available to parents free of cost for their legal representation. Family group conferences should be organized that will include the wider household and community support groups to promote the female parent to get at a solution. A defender has to be appointed till a determin ation is taken to let the parent or relatives detention of the kid or the kid to be put in Foster attention. Decision It is of import to be familiar with cognition and consciousness of normal household interactions and kid development procedure to be able to place kids who receive inappropriate and less attention. It will besides assist the societal worker to measure a kid s state of affairs and understand whether the kid is at hazard of disregard or maltreatment. A thorough and logical appraisal of the instance will assist to implement plans that prevent child maltreatment and disregard. It will be utile in measuring a kid s current demands and whether these demands are being met. In the event of the kid holding to be placed in a Foster place it will assist to custom-make arrangements based on a kid s single demands ( AAP Policy 2000 ) .

Multiple Personality Disorder essays

Multiple Personality Disorder essays Dealing with the primary psychological issue of the movie the main character suffered from a type of schizophrenia, which was multiple personality disorder. Dissociative Identity Disorder, frequently specified multiple personality disorder, is a mental illness in which a person has two or more discrete identities or personality states, which frequently take control of the person's consciousness and behavior. The individual often gives the alternate identities their own personal names, and these identities may have attributes that differ clearly from the person's principal identity. Secondly, a person with this irregularity experiences some degree of amnesia, pertaining to that one personality generally will not recall what occurred when another personality controlled the person. People customarily act and feel differently in different settings. To cite an instance, teenagers may behave differently at a party than they do at high school. Nonetheless, people in exemplary mental health sustain continuous awareness of themselves no matter what the situation. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder do not. They endure unexpected shifts in consciousness, identity, and memory. They may find themselves in a peculiar residence and not remember how they got there, or detect new clothing in their closet without knowing how it was purchased. Their identity is fragmented into pieces with distinct emotions, memories, and styles of interacting with people. They may change from being idle and taking of advice from others to being aggressive and stubborn. They are often at war with themselves, with specific personalities being quite critical of other personalities. At times one personality may go so far as administering physical harm on one of the other personalities. In one case, a man with dissociative identity disorder carved the words "I hate Adam" on his forearm while in a different personality state. Ordinarily the disorder begins in ch...

The Best Small Colleges in the United States

The Best Small Colleges in the United States SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re interested in attending a small college, you may be wondering which schools offer the most rigorous academic experience combined with the best quality of life. In this article, I’ll give you a list of the best small colleges in the nation based on student reviews and academic ratings. What Is a Small College? For the purposes of this article, I’ll define â€Å"small† colleges as colleges with undergraduate student enrollments below 5,000.These colleges are characterized by small class sizes, close student communities, and professors who engage directly with students.Attending a small college is sort of like being a part of a big family that's brought together through shared experiences and pride in the school.You can expect to see familiar faces everywhere you go and will most likely have many opportunities to take on leadership positions and get involved in campus culture. What Do I Mean By the â€Å"Best† Small Colleges? To make a decision about which small colleges are the best in the nation, I used the information available in the 2015 Fiske Guide to Colleges as well as college rankings from Forbes and US News.I paid particular attention to overall ratings for academics, social scene, and quality of life.In the Fiske Guide to Colleges, all of these schoolswere rated at least 4.5/5 for academics. I considered the academic ratings the most strongly, but I also took the other ratings into account to choose the colleges with the best overall student experiences.I tried to pick colleges that were among the best in the country for academics but also had thriving social scenes and happy, engaged students. All of these schools have excellent programs for undergraduate teaching with small classes and hands-on professors who are dedicated to the success of their students.They also have highly intellectual students who are passionate about learning and making positive changes in the campus community and the world at large.These are schools you should attend if you want to be motivated and challenged by your professors and fellow students in a close-knit, constantly evolving community. Lists of the Best Small Colleges in the US First, I'll go through a list of the top ten best small colleges overall. Then I'll give you lists of the best small women's colleges and engineering colleges.I’ll provide statistics below each of the schools to get you started in finding out more about them.If you want to do further research on these schools, check out my article on the best websites for conducting your college search.I’d recommend using a college matching-making site called Cappex to start compiling a list of colleges and comparing data between different schools. The Top Ten Best Small Colleges 1. Williams College- Williamstown, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,011Acceptance Rate: 17%Location: Small Town Students say: Most people are â€Å"athletic, well-rounded, driven, friendly, and liberal.† â€Å"Professors insist on having a personal connection with the students and always help if needed. The quality of teaching is excellent.† â€Å"Williams students are amazing. I know people who can readHarry Potterin Latin, translate rap songs into Arabic, and sight-read ‘Rocket Man’ perfectly on the piano.† 2. Pomona College- Claremont, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,579Acceptance Rate: 13%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"Pomona professors are bright, enthusiastic, and highly respected leaders in their fields.† â€Å"Pomona offers a unique and desirable juxtaposition of rigorous academics and comfortable social atmosphere.† â€Å"I appreciate the diversity and depth that the five-college community brings to the social life.† Note: Pomona is one of the Claremont Colleges, a system of five colleges in Claremont, CA that also includes two other schools on these lists: Claremont-McKenna College and Harvey Mudd College. 3. Amherst College - Amherst, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,817Acceptance Rate: 13%Location: Small Town Students say: â€Å"Amherst students are always doing extraordinary things: academically, athletically, artistically, and for the benefit of the world.† â€Å"If your education is really your first priority, then I don’t think there’s a better school.† Amherst is made up of â€Å"some of the kindest and most laid-back people I can imagine.† 4. Swarthmore College- Swarthmore, PA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,532Admissions Rate: 14%Location: City Outskirts Students say: â€Å"Swat is a truly intellectual place where people love idea with all of their hearts, but that doesn’t prevent them from having an eye for activism and a knack for partying hard.† â€Å"You will often see students reminding each other of assignments, giving each other tips on how to succeed, and studying in the library together.† â€Å"Each of us in our own way has found a place where our passionate, geekiest interests are validated, appreciated, and celebrated by our fellow Swatties.† 5. Wellesley College- Wellesley, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,352Acceptance Rate: 30%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"Students here are conscientious workers with a history of high achievement. They expect a lot of themselves.† â€Å"It’s a wonderful place to grow as individuals, as students, and as women.† â€Å"It’s hard to say which department is the best because I believe that each department has a lot to offer.† 6. Bowdoin College- Brunswick, ME Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,830Acceptance Rate: 16%Location: Suburban Students Say: â€Å"If you’re passionate about anything, Bowdoin provides you with the resources to explore those passions.† â€Å"Being able to make friends with my professors is something I’ll treasure forever.† 7. Claremont-McKenna College- Claremont, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,250Acceptance Rate: 14%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"CMC provides students with a pragmatic liberal arts education that will prepare them for grad school and a career; it’s a great place to spend four years.† â€Å"There are very difficult courses that will push you to the brink of your comfort zone in every major.† â€Å"CMC’s campus is often the center of the social life for all of the Claremont Colleges - there are always parties, club events, barbecues, movie screenings, and other events.† 8. Haverford College- Haverford, PA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,205Acceptance Rate: 23%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"Nearly all students who come here share common values of trust, concern, and respect for others as well as academic integrity.† â€Å"Haverford offers an opportunity to work hard, be trusted, and learn about issues, while still feeling comfortable.† â€Å"The professors are only here for us. They really enjoy teaching as well as involving us in research.† 9. Carleton College- Northfield, MN Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,035Acceptance Rate: 26%Location: Small Town Students say: â€Å"Our profs are incredible. The instruction we receive is available not just in the classroom but during office hours, phone calls, Skype sessions, and many other modes of communication.† â€Å"Students are ambitions, aware, and ready to ‘save the world’† â€Å"At Carleton, everyone is a bit nerdy and everyone is free to be whomever they want.† 10. Middlebury College- Middlebury, VT Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,516Acceptance Rate: 17%Location: Rural Students say: â€Å"We’re a small liberal arts college [that is] big on individuality and character.† â€Å"The quality of teaching is excellent, and I would say it is the absolute best part of Middlebury. All classes are taught by professors, most are relatively small, and discussions are generally encouraged.† Best Small Women’s Colleges 1. Wellesley College - Wellesley, MA (see #5 in top ten small colleges overall) 2. Smith College - Northampton, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 2, 643Acceptance Rate: 42%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"Smith has an open curriculum, a great college town, and a very strong science program.† â€Å"My professors have all been accessible and supportive as well as open-minded and articulate.† It’s a â€Å"community of close, intelligent, interesting, and compassionate women.† 3. Barnard College - New York, NY Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,466Acceptance Rate: 23%Location: City Center Students say: â€Å"Barnard is a rigorous yet nurturing environment† â€Å"The quality of teaching here is unparalleled; one of my professors arguably founded the field I’m studying.† â€Å"Although the students here are really intelligent, they are also really down to earth, and are supported by each other and the academic community.† 4. Bryn Mawr College - Bryn Mawr, PA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,305Acceptance Rate: 41%Location: City Outskirts Students Say: â€Å"Bryn Mawr is a place where you will figure out who you are and what you want to do with your life.† â€Å"Professors really want to get to know you and to expand your horizons.† â€Å"When you are surrounded by strong, talented, driven women who respect you, it inspires you to be like them.† Best Small Colleges for Engineering 1. California Institute of Technology - Pasadena, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 997Acceptance Rate: 12%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"The atmosphere promotes a love of science, learning, and discovery that is truly exhilarating.† â€Å"The unique student body, how available professors are, and how much we learn make Caltech a special place.† However, social life is a little grim (don’t go here if you’re looking to party): â€Å"Ask any local bartender for a Caltech Cocktail and you will get three ounces of straight water.† 2. Harvey Mudd - Claremont, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 782Acceptance Rate: 19%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"The professors truly care about the students’ well-being. They put in countless hours to help us get the most out of our experience.† â€Å"Every student at Mudd brings something different to the table.† â€Å"HMC is one of the most rigorous science schools around, but the thing that makes it special is that it develops you as an entire person.† 3. Rice University - Houston, TX Undergraduate Enrollment: 3,848Acceptance Rate: 17%Location: City Outskirts Students say: â€Å"Students here are very self-motivated. Classes are hard.† â€Å"Rice puts a lot of trust and responsibility on students. It’s a very maturing experience.† â€Å"We have been challenged to think creatively and apply principles.† 4. Olin College of Engineering - Needham, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 342Acceptance Rate: 19%Location: Suburban Students say: â€Å"Olin professors are amazing. They take the time to get to know their students individually and never fail to provide academic or personal advice.† â€Å"Students who are passionate about things and excited about engineering would do well here.† Olin aims to produce students who can â€Å"come up with innovative ideas and products.† What's Next? Even if you've settled on attending a small college, you may still be unsure where you want to be in terms of location. Read this article for advice on deciding whether a college close to home is the right choice for you. If you're interested in very selective colleges, you should take a look at this guide on how to get into the Ivy League and other super competitive schools. Not sure where to begin in the college search process? Read my guide on how to choose the best college for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The purpose,scope and context of interprofessional collaboration ( Essay

The purpose,scope and context of interprofessional collaboration ( Interprofessional Module A) - Essay Example Smith and Seeley (2010) indicate that under the program, physicians, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and social workers among others health care workers join forces to create effective working teams across various units within a care facility. The importance of interprofessional collaboration has taken precedence since the second-half of the twentieth century, with several studies confirming that the practice improves communication and respect among health care staff for easier (Dreyer, Forde, & Nortvedt, 2011; Gillespie et al, 2010; Fisher, 2010; Wolf, 2012). These values are a priority in the effective delivery of services (Sandahl, 2010; Burke, & Doody, 2012). Interprofessional collaboration is important to the realization of success in training, leadership and execution of duties (Fothergill et al, 2011). Kirschling, and Erickson (2010) note that this helps to improve the predilection of health care staff to adopt quality and innovativeness in their services, regardless of the challenges in a busy health care facility. Chan et al (2010) suggested that interprofessional practice advances activities that support accessible care; promotes interprofessional training among all care experts during their training and throughout their occupation; promotes effective partnership between nurses and physicians and other care providers in ensuring quality care within the industry. Culley and Polyakova-Norwood (2012) indicate that the most effective strategy for implementing interprofessional collaboration is by integrating such programs in training facilities. In light of this, I managed to work in a team of diverse professionals in the course of this module. The purpose of this module was to strengthen the participants’ skills in preparation for the real-life work. In the United Kingdom, for example, health care trainees such as nurses are being taken through effective collaborative programs, purposely to build their interpersonal skills (Curran et al, 2010). Under the program, nurse trainees have been able to acquire vital skills on how to be proactive in disease prevention and management measures as opposed to being excluded from major decisions involving the patients Gillespie et al, 2010). McCloughen, Gillies, and O'Brien (2011) indicate that IPE enables trainee nurses to respond to health care needs of their patients in a collaborative approach. According to Mills et al (2010), interprofessional collaboration enables student nurses to have effective training on the best practices that are vital to the care facility, especially for those working in far-flung areas. I will now proceed to explore my experiences whilst participating as a member of a team during this module. The environment where the interprofessional training took place was adequately prepared. With participants organized into lean working teams comprising 11, we managed to achieve the best out of it all. This success can be attributed to the organization of the student s into manageable teams that are comparable to the effective working teams in the actual workplace environment. The direct interaction between nearly a dozen professionals who are specialized in various fields such as nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, mental health, child care, social work and medical care provided the diversity that is normally found in a

Performance management framework of Limo Services in Austin, TX Assignment

Performance management framework of Limo Services in Austin, TX Company - Assignment Example ocedures for employee assessment and analysis during recruitment, orientation, training and education of employees, comprehensive methods of measuring performances of employees and effective process of communication performance feedback to employees to ensure that everyone has knowledge about achievements and remaining areas of improvements in the business strategy. The organization performance philosophy of Limo Services in Austin, TX Company is to provide highest level, clean, polite, courteous, safe, fun, memorable and punctual limousine services to the clients from any locations they desire (Limos of Austin, 2012) Measuring employees’ skills is one way of understanding the potential of the one to support efforts to achieve mission and objective of an organization. One method that Limo Services in Austin, TX Company uses to measure employee skills is surveying of clients about their experiences with customer service. The survey includes asking clients to rate the quality of customer service offered by employees of the organization. Another method used to measure employee skills is the enactment of random quality control procedure. With this method, employees do not know the exact time for evaluation and checks. The method proves good for its makes serious employees work to optimize performance in different corners of the organization. The company also considers appraisal of employees in all aspects of organizational structure to determine individual, team and group achievements in accomplishing particular responsibilities. Skill gaps are not very embarrassing aspects of organization structure especially when considering the rapidly changing business environments. Technology and expectations in the business environment are rapidly changing, and sometimes it become challenging to adapt to the changes immediately. In that line, Limo Services in Austin, TX Company has structured its performance management framework to ensure proper and regular training of the

Marketing 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing 3000 - Essay Example I have observed that generally, consumers are very price sensitive, especially during times of financial and economic crises. The most effective strategy that works to generate sales, repeated product purchase, and gain consistent patronage is if organizations implement a low price, yet high quality strategy. For basic necessities of homogeneous products (like soap, detergents, bread, coffee, milk, eggs), consumers with low purchasing power would opt to select those with the lowest costs. In supermarkets, therefore, organizations that aim to generate more volume in terms of revenues apply the least cost strategy. For example, the single-served coffee is gaining popularity in contemporary times. This market has been dominated by Nescafe where a 12-pack Taster’s Choice House Blend Instant Coffee costs $12.16. To enable to enter this market, Starbucks, which is known for its specialty coffee, previously served only in its respective coffee stores, have launched their single served Via in 12-pack pouches runs $9.95. When I learned of this move, of course, as a customer who perceived Starbucks as a projecting an image of high-priced, high quality coffee, definitely purchased Via, which as even lower in price than Nescafe’s Taster’s Choice. In another experience, the Cola wars between Coke and Pepsi had also undergone some price wars in the past. I remember being a Coke enthusiast ever since I can remember being allowed to drink carbonated drinks. Pegged almost at the same price, Coke and Pepsi have decided not to implement any price war because the strategy would be detrimental to both. However, there was a time when Pepsi came up with a new promotional strategy that enticed consumers to win cash prices by collecting specially printed Pepsi crowns. This promotion led to shifts in consumers’ purchases from Coke to Pepsi, despite the same price due to the offer of hopes to possibly win something big. When things like

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Assignment Example He will either be lenient towards all others out of guilt (as well as to avoid confrontations that might arise due to differences of opinion with those he reviews) or more strict with others to cover for Virginia’s incompetence. After all, the way he rated Virginia’s performance, makes it clear that his first priority is to avoid confrontation and the extra time and effort required to justify his below average rating, for which he would need to go through the records he had been able to collect. On the other hand, he might try to compensate his erroneous rating of Virginia’s performance by being overly harsh in his rating of other employees; especially the ones he thinks will take his ratings and comments without the ensuing emotional outburst that he is desperate to avoid, even at the cost of introducing stagnation of effort in the organization. Ans3. The most crucial mistake that Steve made in rating Virginia’s performance was the lack of around the year monitoring and frank discussions with Virginia about her performance level. Next, he compounded his mistake by letting his emotions and fear of facing a tough situation, get in the way of a truthful and fair evaluation that would have been of benefit to both, the organization and the job holder in the long run. Instead, Steve should have approached the appraisal process with total honesty and strength. Moreover, he should have had the wisdom to have open discussions with Virginia prior to the actual appraisal and encouraged her to recognize her shortcomings in order to improve herself. In this way he could have guided her throughout the year to make improvements in areas where she lagged, to contribute actual value to the organization. Ans4. The performance review conducted by Steve was biased and incorrect owing to his lack of proper effort and feelings about the employee.

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Bell South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bell South - Essay Example This is necessary if companies choose to offer various broadband packages and dial up services. In order to prepare for the new service offerings, Bell South laid off 1,500 managers in 2005. Early in 2006 it merged with AT&T and began realignment of its corporate structure. Positions included in the layoff were in staff support functions. Typically this might include human resource, technical and other ‘behind the scenes’ positions. The company states that the layoff was necessary for it to compete in the broadband market, claiming â€Å"the workforce reductions to save the company $175 million annually† (Duffy, 2005). With roughly 2.5% fewer employees, managers might have been required to reassign those tasks to other employees. Options might be to add one or two additional tasks to full time employees or to increase part time employee hours a bit. An entirely different approach would be to require employees to perform tasks for themselves that support personnel previously performed. Performing support tasks for oneself could require special training. It might also require current services to be streamlined. Bell South has reorganized its corporate structure by separating Residential Markets and Business Markets. Residential markets include small business and residential customers. Customer service, marketing, sales and product development within each unit now work together to provide customer oriented service more quickly. Bell South maintains that such restructuring should â€Å"streamline the process for delivering customer solutions† (PR Newswire, 2006).